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tooth discoloration/nicotine

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To test if cigarette smoke (CS) causes discoloration of enamel, dentin, and composite resin restorations and induces color mismatch between dental hard tissues and the restorations, and to compare the findings with the effects of aerosol generated by the tobacco heating system (THS)
Tobacco smoking contributes to tooth discoloration. Pigmented compounds in the smoke generated by combustion of tobacco can cause discoloration of dental hard tissues. However, aerosols from heated tobacco products cause less discoloration than cigarette smoke (CS) in vitro. The objective of the

Randomized controlled trial to evaluate tooth stain reduction with nicotine replacement gum during a smoking cessation program.

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BACKGROUND In addition to its general and periodontal health effects smoking causes tooth staining. Smoking cessation support interventions with an added stain removal or tooth whitening effect may increase motivation to quit smoking. Oral health professionals are well placed to provide smoking

Characteristics of adolescent smoking in high school students in California.

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OBJECTIVE This pilot study assessed smoking-related behaviors, experiences, and beliefs among a sample of continuation high school students in California to inform dental hygienists about adolescent tobacco use and to assist with the development of effective tobacco cessation intervention

In vitro tooth whitening effect of two medicated chewing gums compared to a whitening gum and saliva.

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BACKGROUND Extrinsic staining of teeth may result from the deposition of a variety of pigments into or onto the tooth surface, which originate mainly from diet or from tobacco use. More recently, clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of some chewing gums in removing extrinsic tooth

Drug-induced discoloration of teeth: an updated review.

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The problem of tooth discoloration is emerging in our society because of the poor oral hygiene, physical agents, environmental chemicals, mouth rinses, some dental procedures, general systemic conditions, and drugs. Other common causes of tooth discoloration include excessive use of tea, coffee,
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