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The role of cytokinins in responses to water deficit in tobacco plants over-expressing trans-zeatin O-glucosyltransferase gene under 35S or SAG12 promoters.

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The impact of water deficit progression on cytokinin (CK), auxin and abscisic acid (ABA) levels was followed in upper, middle and lower leaves and roots of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Wisconsin 38 plants [wild type (WT)]. ABA content was strongly increased during drought stress, especially in upper

Cis- and trans-zeatin differentially modulate plant immunity.

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Phytohormones are essential regulators of various processes in plant growth and development. Several phytohormones are also known to regulate plant responses to environmental stress and pathogens. Only recently, cytokinins have been demonstrated to play an important role in plant immunity. Increased

Simultaneous analysis of apolar phytohormones and 1-aminocyclopropan-1-carboxylic acid by high performance liquid chromatography/electrospray negative ion tandem mass spectrometry via 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride derivatization.

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A strategy to detect and quantify the polar ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropan-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) along with the more apolar phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), jasmonic acid (JA), jasmonic acid-isoleucine conjugate (JA-Ile), 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA),

Agroinfiltration by cytokinin-producing Agrobacterium sp. strain GV3101 primes defense responses in Nicotiana tabacum.

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Transient infiltrations in tobacco are commonly used in plant studies, but the host response to different disarmed Agrobacterium strains is not fully understood. The present study shows that pretreatment with disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 primes the defense response to subsequent

A new bioassay for auxins and cytokinins.

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The authors have developed a sensitive bioassay that can be used to detect auxins as well as cytokinins. The bioassay is based on the expression in transformed tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) mesophyll protoplasts of a chimeric gene, consisting of the upstream sequences of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Phytohormones in the formation of crown gall tumors.

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Crown gall tumors were initiated in a variety of plant species by infection with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain B6 and the concomitant changes in the tissue levels of phytohormones, mainly indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and cytokinins, were analyzed. A comparison was made of these hormones with those

Hormonal characterization of a nonrooting naphthalene-acetic Acid tolerant tobacco mutant by an immunoenzymic method.

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The comparative analysis of plant hormones was undertaken on a 1-naphthaleneacetic acid tolerant mutant and normal tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi) plantlets. The mutant plantlet was scrubby and impaired in its root morphogenesis. Degeneration of the root meristem was studied on tissue

Squash xylem sap has activities that inhibit proliferation and promote the elongation of tobacco BY-2 cell protoplasts.

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To elucidate the physiological functions of the substances in xylem sap, we analyzed the biological activities of xylem sap from squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch.) root using tobacco BY-2 (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bright Yellow 2) cell protoplasts. When BY-2 cell protoplasts were cultivated with the

Agrobacterium-derived cytokinin influences plastid morphology and starch accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana during transient assays.

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BACKGROUND Agrobacterium tumefaciens-based transient assays have become a common tool for answering questions related to protein localization and gene expression in a cellular context. The use of these assays assumes that the transiently transformed cells are observed under relatively authentic

Hormonal regulation of zeatin-riboside accumulation by cultured tobacco cells.

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Auxin (11 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid) and cytokinin (1.4 μM kinetin) regulate cytokinin accumulation by cytokinin-requiring (C(-)) and cytokinin-autotrophic (C(+)) lines of Havana 425 tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) tissues. No trans-zeatin riboside (ZR) (<0.5 pmol·g(-1) fresh weight) was detected

A functional analysis of T-DNA gene 6b: the fine tuning of cytokinin effects on shoot development.

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The physiological function in planta of T-DNA gene 6b was studied under various experimental conditions. For this purpose the coding region of gene 6b was cloned behind the 1'-promoter of the TR-DNA to enhance expression of the gene product in transformed plant cells. Expression of the recombinant

Cytokinin import rate as a signal for photosynthetic acclimation to canopy light gradients.

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Plants growing in dense canopies are exposed to vertical light gradients and show photosynthetic acclimation at the whole-plant level, resulting in efficient photosynthetic carbon gain. We studied the role of cytokinins transported through the transpiration stream as one of probably multiple signals

Diurnal variation of cytokinin, auxin and abscisic acid levels in tobacco leaves.

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As many processes are regulated by both light and plant hormones, evaluation of diurnal variations of their levels may contribute to the elucidation of the complex network of light and hormone signal transduction pathways. Diurnal variation of cytokinin, auxin, and abscisic acid levels was tested in

Cytokinins: synthesis and biological activity of geometric and position isomers of zeatin.

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Geometric and position isomers of zeatin and of ribosylzeatin and other compounds closely related to zeatin have been tested in the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum var. Wisconsin No. 38) bioassay. None was more active than zeatin itself. There was a much greater difference in activity (> 50-fold) between

Alteration of hormone levels in transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing the rice homeobox gene OSH1.

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The rice (Oryza sativa L.) homeobox gene OSH1 causes morphological alterations when ectopically expressed in transgenic rice, Arabidopsis thaliana, and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and is therefore believed to function as a morphological regulator gene. To determine the relationship between OSH1

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