vertebrobasilar insufficiency/seizures

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[Rudimentary psychomotor seizures and their differential diagnosis].

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Clinically it is often very difficult to distinguish rudimentary psychomotor seizures from absence seizures and sudden nonepileptic disturbances, especially from transitory cerebral ischaemia. In contrast to absence seizures during which bifrontally accentuated spike-wave activity is registered in

A preschool-age child with first-time seizure and ataxia.

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We present a case of a 4-year-old previously healthy child who had a possible first-time seizure at home, and upon a second Emergency Department evaluation was found to have gross cerebellar ataxia suggestive of acute stroke. Initial computed tomography scan and metabolic work-up were unrevealing.

[Epileptic seizures in patients with vascular brain lesions].

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In a group of 1621 patients with vascular brain lesions (849 males, 772 females) the authors found seizures in 108 cases (56 males, 52 females): in 26 cases of subarachnoid haemorrhage (aneurysms), 6 cerebral haemorrhages, 24 cerebral arterial thromboses, 18 atherosclerosis of brain vessels, 13

[Clinical significance of increased reaction to photostimulation in the alpha frequency range].

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When evaluating responses in the EEG to intermittent photic stimulation usually the emphasis is placed on the differentiation of photoparoxysmal and photomyogenic responses as well as asymmetric driving effects such as locally increased activation of slow frequencies or locally reduced activation of

[Surgical treatment of giant cerebral arteriovenous malformations].

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Despite advances in the surgical management of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), giant (AVMs (greater than 5 cm] are still considered unsuitable for direct surgical resection by most neurosurgeons. Some of the lesions are being treated with embolization, or embolization followed by

[Transient binocular visual loss: a diagnostic approach].

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It is rarer for a patient to present with transient binocular visual loss than transient monocular visual loss. This symptom usually results from a cerebral dysfunction. When transient binocular visual loss results from papilledema, ophthalmological examination is critical for an accurate diagnosis.

Recurrent Acute Ischemic Stroke Associated with Dolichoectatic Aneurysm of the Internal Carotid Artery.

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Cranial artery dolichoectasia is characterized by dilated, elongated, and tortuous cranial arteries. Dolichoectasia and dolichoectatic aneurysm-particularly of the internal carotid arteries (ICAs)-are rare but can lead to stroke. We report a case of suspected recurrent acute cerebral

Temporal lobe syncope: clinical variants.

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Temporal lobe syncope (TLS) is a term coined by Landolt. Characteristically, the patient has psychomotor and drop attacks, and the interictal electroencephalogram (EEG) shows temporal lobe epileptic abnormalities. TLS is synonymous with type III complex partial seizures (CPSs) in the Delgado Escueta

[Evaluation of syncope in medicolegal expertise].

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The authors summarise the clinical characteristics of the syncope and neurological signs respectively caused by basilar vertebral artery insufficiency as well as carotid sinus hypersensitivity. Several authors have seen an increased number of patients with neurological symptoms caused by ischaemia

Misdiagnosis of lamotrigine toxicity as posterior circulation transient ischemic attack or stroke

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Purpose: Lamotrigine (LTG) is one of the most used antiseizure medications (ASMs). Titration is indicated for incomplete seizure control, but toxicity with vertigo, ataxia, and diplopia may ensue. Lamotrigine concentration would be the

A directed approach to the dizzy patient.

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We initiated a prospective study of the dizzy patient to identify key factors on which a directed evaluation could be based. This study used a standardized history, physical examination, and basic laboratory evaluation totalling 66 items to assist collection of relevant clinical information on 125

[Orthostatic hypotension with repeated bilateral limb shaking and metamorphopsia. A case of hemodynamic transient ischemic attacks].

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A 78-year-old right-handed man with idiopathic orthostatic hypotension and a history of Hashimoto's thyroiditis presented over 2 years with recurrent, stereotyped attacks of bilateral limb shaking and metamorphopsia, which were precipitated by standing more than 3 or 4 minutes, or walking a few

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