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The esters of cephalotaxine-harringtonine, homoharringtonine and deoxyharringtonine--have been reported by both Chinese and American oncologists as useful in the treatment of human nonlymphoblastic leukaemias and selected solid tumours of the head and neck. We report our results with
Deoxyharringtonine (1) is among the most potent of the anti-leukemia alkaloids isolated from the Cephalotaxus genus. A convergent total synthesis of (-)-1 is reported, involving novel synthetic methods and strategies that include (1) the strain-release rearrangement of N-aryl-2-vinylaziridines for
BACKGROUND
Omacetaxine mepesuccinate, formerly known as homoharringtonine, is a first-in-class cephalotaxine that has experienced phases of increasing and waning interest since its first use in traditional Chinese medicine. With activity being reported in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
Clinical trials conducted in the People's Republic of China and the United States of the antileukemic efficacy of the cephalotaxine esters are reviewed. Harrington has been incorporated into combination regimens for the treatment of newly diagnosed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) in China, and
Homoharringtonine (HHT) is one of several cephalotaxine alkaloids that has shown clinical efficacy in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). In a phase I trial we evaluated cytarabine 100 mg/m2 by continuous infusion daily for 7 days in combination with four dose levels of HHT ranging from
Homoharringtonine (HHT) is one of several cephalotaxine alkaloids that has shown clinical efficacy in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of HHT for de novo pediatric AML. Patients entered in this study were treated with
Omacetaxine mepesuccinate (hereafter called omacetaxine) is a modified cephalotaxine and is registered (Synribo(®)) for the treatment of adult patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with resistance and/or intolerance to two or more tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). To evaluate the
Homoharringtonine (HHT) is a cephalotaxine alkaloid that showed clinical efficacy in the chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia (Ph1+CML). As a single agent, it resulted in effectively controlling leukocytosis and in producing sporadic karyotypic conversions; its clinical use in combination with
For further evaluation of structure-activity relationships among the Cephalotaxus alkaloids, a "rearranged" ester (2b) of cephalotaxine was prepared, one which is an isomer of deoxyharringtonine (5a). The parent alkaloid, cephalotaxine (1a), was allowed to react with thionyl chloride to replace its
Harringtonine (HT), homoharringtonine (HHT) and isoharringtonine (IHT) are cephalotaxine alkaloids with anticancer activities which were isolated from Cephalotaxus hainanensis indigenous to China. Since the 1970s, HT and HHT have been developed as effective anticancer drugs in China and have been
Four analogs of cephalotaxine esters (C1Z, C2E, C3E, C4E) were synthesized. The ratio of the Z, E isomers of the side chain alpha, beta-unsaturated ester carboxylic acids is reported. The Z isomer was easy to transform to the E isomer. Compound C1Z showed significant activity of inducing cancer cell
Harringtonine, homoharringtonine, deoxyharringtonine and isoharringtonine isolated from Cephalotaxus plant are the esters of cephalotaxine with significant inhibitory activity against P-388 leukemia. In this investigation seventeen new esters of cephalotaxine type alkaloids have been synthesized.
There is considerable interest among basic and clinical researchers in novel drugs with activity against leukemia. The vast history of experience of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with medicinal plants may facilitate the identification of novel antileukemic compounds. In the present
Homoharringtonine (HHT) is a cephalotaxine alkaloid with reported efficacy in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). In a phase II trial, we evaluated HHT 5 mg/m2 by continuous infusion daily for 9 days in patients with relapsed or refractory acute leukemia and blastic phase of chronic myelogenous