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Unilateral gynecomastia and hypokalemic periodic paralysis as first manifestations of Graves' disease.

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A 39-year-old Chinese man presented to the study hospital with right-sided gynecomastia. Underlying Graves' disease was not diagnosed until recurrent episodes of hypokalemic periodic paralysis were observed. The estradiol (E2) and progesterone levels and the E2-to-testosterone (T) (E2/T) ratio of

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mineralocorticoid blocking agents and their effects on potassium homeostasis.

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Spironolacotone and eplerenone are mineralocorticoid-blocking agents used for their ability to block both the epithelial and non-epithelial actions of aldosterone. Spironolactone is a non-selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist with moderate affinity for both progesterone and androgen

Spironolactone-Induced Unilateral Gynecomastia.

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Gynecomastia is benign enlargement of male breast, drug-induced gynecomastia accounts for about 25%. We are reporting a case of spironolactone-induced unilateral gynecomastia. A 52-year-old male patient receiving multiple antihypertensives including hydrochlorothiazide presented with muscle weakness

[Controlled study of the effect of long-term administration of canrenoate potassium in cirrhotic ascites].

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Two groups of patients with water retention due to ascites in cirrhosis of the liver were treated with antialdosterone diuretics (42 cases with K-canrenoate and 48 cases with spironolactone) for prolonged periods of time (an average of more than 5 months). Both substances were seen to be active,

Primary aldosteronism: difference in clinical presentation and long-term follow-up between adenoma and bilateral hyperplasia of the adrenal glands.

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Since 1974 primary aldosteronism has been diagnosed in 71 patients in our outpatient clinic. Thirty-four patients had a unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma, whereas bilateral adrenal hyperplasia was diagnosed in 37 patients. Although at the time of diagnosis the mean potassium values were lower

Appropriateness and complications of the use of spironolactone in patients treated in a heart failure clinic.

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OBJECTIVE The widespread use of spironolactone in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) has resulted in side effects and complications. We analyzed a cohort of patients treated by a dedicated CHF team, in order to examine the tolerability and safety of spironolactone in clinical

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

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The role of spironolactone and eplerenone in patients with Heart Failure with preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) is not well defined. Since a growing medical literature has suggested that mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists may be beneficial for patients with HFpEF, this review gives an in-depth

Eplerenone: a selective aldosterone receptor antagonist for patients with heart failure.

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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and clinical use of eplerenone in heart failure (HF). METHODS English-language MEDLINE searches were performed from 1966 to May 2004. Key words included eplerenone, aldosterone receptor antagonist, heart failure, myocardial

[Sexual side-effects of spironolactones. Possible mechanisms of their anti-androgen action].

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Spirolactones (spironolactone, potassium canrenoate) may produce secundary sexual effects such as gynecomastia in man and menstrual disturbances in women. The mechanism of action of the antiandrogenic effects has been studied in man and rat. Acute i.v. injection of potassium canrenoate into man

Relative Efficacy of Spironolactone, Eplerenone, and cAnRenone in patients with Chronic Heart failure (RESEARCH): a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

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This study aims to assess the comparative benefit and risk profile of treatment with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) with regard to all-cause mortality (primary endpoint), cardiovascular mortality, or heart failure (HF)-related hospitalization (secondary endpoints) and the safety

Eplerenone: new drug. Recent myocardial infarction with heart failure: a spironolactone me too.

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(1) Heart failure is diagnosed on the basis of both clinical symptoms and evaluation of cardiac function (preferably measured by echocardiography). Left ventricular dysfunction is defined as a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) below 40%. The drugs of choice for chronic heart failure are

Cyclosporine level at the second hour in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients.

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In this retrospective study, cyclosporine levels at the second hour (C2 levels) were measured during oral cyclosporine intake in 28 pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients, and the relations between cyclosporine dosage and C0, C2 levels, C2/C0 ratio, and cyclosporine-related adverse

Safety of spironolactone use in ambulatory heart failure patients.

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BACKGROUND Since the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study (RALES), the use of spironolactone is recommended in systolic heart failure (HF) patients that have been in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV. There is limited information on the use, side effects, and withdrawal rate of

Spironolactone management of resistant hypertension.

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OBJECTIVE To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy data, and adverse effects of spironolactone in the treatment of resistant hypertension. METHODS A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE (1966-July 2010), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-July

Clinical implications of aldosterone blockade.

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BACKGROUND Aldosterone contributes to hypertension, cardiac and vascular remodeling, and heart failure. The significant risk reduction provided by the addition of spironolactone to standard therapy in patients with severe heart failure has renewed interest in aldosterone blockade. METHODS This

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