Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planning) and one tablet containing lactose once a day for three days immediately after the scaling and root planning.

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planning) and one tablet containing 500 milligrams (mg) of Azithromycin once a day for three days immediately after the scaling and root planning.

Periodontitis

Tablet containing lactose Procedure: Periodontal treatment Scaling and root planning

Lactose tab

Tablet containing 500mg Azithromicyn. Procedure: Periodontal treatment Scaling and root planning

Azithromycin

Universidad Nacional Andres Bello

Efficacy of Azithromycin as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment

Clinical and Microbiological Efficacy of a Azithromycin as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment : A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Before, 1, 3 and 6 month after performing SRP with placebo or azithromycin, PD was measured in all the patients in the study and corresponds to the distance in millimeters from the gingival margin (MG) to the inserted probe´s tip of the most apical portion of the periodontal pocket. It was obtained by measuring with a North Carolina periodontal probe (Hu-Friedy® Manufacturing Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), from the bottom of the pocket to the MG, in a position parallel to the vertical axis of the tooth, with a pressure no greater than 0.25 Newton (N). PD was performed in a circular direction over the entire surface of each tooth, registering the 6 deepest sites per tooth (mesiobuccal, buccal, distobuccal, distolingual, lingual and mesiolingual).
Subsequently, those sites with PD ≥ 3 mm, PD ≥ 4 mm, PD ≥ 7 mm were counted and the student t test was applied to observe if there were significant differences between both treatment groups.

Percentage of subjects presenting low (≤ 4 sites with PD ≥ 5 mm),moderate (5-8 sites with PD ≥ 5 mm) or high (≥ 9 sites with PD ≥5 mm), before and 6 month after performing SRP with placebo or azithromycin.

Before and 6 month after performing SRP, CAL was measured in all the patients in the study and corresponds to the distance measured in millimeters from the cementum enamel junction to the tip of the probe inserted to the most apical portion of the periodontal pocket. It was obtained using a North Carolina periodontal probe (Hu-Friedy® Manufacturing Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), in a position parallel to the vertical axis of the tooth, with a pressure not greater than 0.25 N.

Before,1,3 and 6 month after performing SRP, BI was measured in all the patients in the study. BI is percentage of dental surfaces with staining, through the use of biofilm developers. To obtain the index, a curaprox developer tablet was dissolved in a plastic cup with water and with a cotton ball this solution was applied on all of the tooth surfaces, recording only those that were stained. The calculation was made by dividing the surfaces that stained by the total surfaces, which corresponds to the number of teeth present multiplied by 4, and multiplying this value by 100. Subsequently, student t test was applied to observe if there were significant differences between both treatment groups.

Before,1, 3 and 6 month after performing SRP, BOP was measured in all the patients in the study. BOP is the percentage of surfaces that bleed when probing. It was recorded during PD measurement with a North Carolina periodontal probe (Hu-Friedy® Manufacturing Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and was considered positive if it occurs 20 seconds after probing. The calculation was made by dividing the sites that bled by the total sites, which corresponds to the number of teeth present multiplied by 6, and multiplying this value by 100. Subsequently, student t test was applied to observe if there were significant differences between both treatment groups.

Before, 3 and 6 month after performing SRP, the microbiological examination was performed on both groups. The biofilm samples were analyzed to detect the presence of four bacterial species: Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Treponema denticola (Td), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Mariely Navarrete

Associate Professor, Director of Graduate Periodontics Faculty of Dentistry Andres Bello University, Viña del Mar campus

A double-blind, randomized controlled trial, where patients with a history of Moderate Periodontitis with moderate rate of progression (Stage II grade B) and Severe Periodontitis with potencial for additional tooth loss and moderate rate of progression (Stage III grade B). The intervention group received non-surgical periodontal therapy (SRP) plus azithromycin, and the control group received SRP plus placebo. The clinical variables were measured before the treatment, and in the first, third and sixth month of the end of the SRP, while the microbiological variables were measured before the treatment and in the third and sixth month after treatment.

L-ornithine L-aspartate (6 ampules, each ampule containing 5 grams of the drug in 10 ml solution) to be diluted in 440 ml of Dextrose 5% (to make a total of 500 ml of solution), as intravenous infusion at the rate of 21 ml/hour, over 24 hours, for 5 days

Placebo (sterile water, 6 ampuoles of 10 ml each) diluted in 440 ml of Dextrose 5%, as intravenous infusion at the rate of 21 ml/hour, over 24 hours, for 5 days

Cirrhosis of Liver

Hepatic Encephalopathy

L-ornithine L-aspartate

Placebo (sterile water, 60 ml) diluted in 440 ml of Dextrose 5%, as intravenous infusion at the rate of 21 ml/hour, over 24 hours, for 5 days

Placebo

Department of Gastroenterology, D.M.C. and Hospital

G.B. Pant Hospital

L-ornithine L-aspartate in Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy

Efficacy of Intravenous 'L-ornithine L-aspartate' in Reversal of Overt Acute Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis: a Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled Trial

Mental state grade according to West Haven criteria for Hepatic encephalopathy

Change in blood ammonia levels will be measured at baseline and after 5 days of treatment

Mortality rate in the two groups at 4 weeks will be compared

The total length of hospital stay (number of days) in each group will be compared.

Change in serum cytokine levels (Interleukin-1, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-10 and TNF-alpha will be measured at baseline and after 5 days of treatment.

disaccharide/hemorrhage

Efficacy of Azithromycin as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment

L-ornithine L-aspartate in Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy

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