horse/tonikum

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Electromyography of some respiratory muscles in the horse.

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To investigate activity in respiratory muscles, insulated wire electrodes were used to record electromyographic activity in the costal diaphragm and in the intercostal, serratus ventralis, internal abdominal oblique, transversalis and rectus abdominis muscles in conscious horses and in the same

Thyroid Hormone and Thyrotropin Concentrations and Responses to Thyrotropin-Stimulating Hormone in Horses with PPID Compared with Age-Matched Normal Horses.

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Glucocorticoids are known to exert inhibitory action on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. With recent evidence that free plasma cortisol and urinary excretion of cortisol metabolites may be increased in horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID), it is important to further

Electromyographic activity of the stylopharyngeus muscle in exercising horses.

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BACKGROUND There is a need to understand the process which leads to failure of recruitment of the stylopharyngeus muscle in clinical cases of nasopharygeal collapse. We therefore studied the timing and intensity of stylopharyngeus muscle activity during exercise in horses. OBJECTIVE To measure the

Electromyographic activity of cubital joint muscles in horses during locomotion.

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Electromyographic (EMG) activity of 4 muscles of the cubital joint and the strain of forelimb hooves were recorded telemetrically in 4 Thoroughbreds (with and without a rider) standing, walking, trotting, and cantering. Bipolar fine wire electrodes were inserted into the muscles, and strain gauges

Electromyographic activity of the hyoepiglotticus muscle and control of epiglottis position in horses.

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OBJECTIVE To determine whether the hyoepiglotticus muscle has respiratory-related electromyographic activity and whether electrical stimulation of this muscle changes the position and conformation of the epiglottis, thereby altering dimensions of the aditus laryngis. METHODS 6 Standardbred

Assessment of endogenous growth hormone pulsatility in gelded yearling horses using deconvolution analysis.

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OBJECTIVE Defining normal Growth Hormone (GH) secretory dynamics in the horse is necessary to understand altered GH dynamics related to issues like welfare and disease. METHODS Twelve healthy yearlings and two mature Standardbreds were used to quantify GH secretion. Endogenous GH half-life was

Effects of nonselective and selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors on small intestinal motility in the horse.

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We investigated the effects of nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors (indomethacin and flunixin meglumine) and selective COX-1 (SC-560) or COX-2 (celecoxib, DUP-398 and NS-697) inhibitors on horse small bowel motility in vitro. At this purpose, samples of equine ileum were put in isolated

A critical review of fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry and horses.

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Fear is arguably the most commonly investigated emotion in domestic animals. In the current review we attempt to establish the level of repeatability and validity found for fear tests used on cattle, pigs, sheep and goats, poultry and horses. We focus the review on the three most common types of

A review on epilepsy in the horse and the potential of Ambulatory EEG as a diagnostic tool.

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Epilepsy in the horse is diagnosed based on clinical signs, but diagnosing can be difficult if a grand mal is not present. The future prospects of the horse and potentially the safety of the owner depend on an accurate diagnosis. This review presents information on epilepsy and focuses on the

Determination of xanthines by high-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography in horse urine after ingestion of Guaraná powder.

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The seeds of Guaraná are rich in xanthines and are used for the preparation of guaraná powder which is very commonly given to horses as a 'tonic' in Brazil. In this paper, the xanthine content of guaraná powder was determined, in addition to its clearance time in horses. Thin-layer chromatography

Selective deafferentation of hand cutaneous territory is followed by changes in fibre type distribution of a forearm muscle in the horse.

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Based on previous observations that capsaicin can selectively damage group III and IV afferents and induce muscle fibre transformation, we hypothesized that eliminating, by means of capsaicin, the group III and IV afferents of a peripheral territory it could lead to a fibre transformation in a

Identification of the Adulterated Asini Corii Colla with Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I Gene-based Polymerase Chain Reaction.

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UNASSIGNED Asini Corii Colla (ACC) (namely donkey hide gelatin, E'jiao in Chinese) was one of the most valuable tonic traditional Chinese medicines which is an infallible remedy to promote hematopoiesis. It should be produced by fresh or dried donkey hide according to Chinese Pharmacopeia (2015

Doping control analysis of total arsenic in equine plasma

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Arsenic can be easily found in our surrounding environment. Because of its ubiquitous nature, horse urine and blood invariably contain low levels of arsenic. Nevertheless, inorganic arsenic, despite its general use as a tonic for horses, is an effective doping agent having a deleterious effect

Endothelin mediated contraction of equine laminar veins.

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BACKGROUND Endothelin-1 (ET-1) may be a key mediator in the pathogenesis of laminitis, but endothelin-mediated responses in the venous microcirculation of the equine foot have yet to be fully characterised. OBJECTIVE To characterise the response of equine laminar veins to ET-1 and evaluate the ET-1

Possible similarities between the folk medicine historically used by First Nations and American Indians in North America and the ethnoveterinary knowledge currently used in British Columbia, Canada.

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OBJECTIVE This paper compares sixty-four plants used as ethnoveterinary remedies in British Columbia with First Nations folk medicine. METHODS In 2003, I conducted semi-structured interviews with 60 participants obtained using a purposive sample. The data was then compared with historical documents

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