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Arterial embolization using poly-N-acetyl glucosamine gel in a rat kidney model.

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Aqueous solutions of poly-N-acetyl glucosamine (p-GlcNAc) exhibit a liquid-gel transition at physiological pH and temperature. This feature inspired the authors to conduct a study to evaluate the macro- and histological changes of rat kidneys after embolization using either p-GlcNAc gel injection

Specificity of the tumor necrosis factor-induced protein 6-mediated heavy chain transfer from inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor to hyaluronan: implications for the assembly of the cumulus extracellular matrix.

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The formation of the hyaluronan-rich cumulus extracellular matrix is crucial for female fertility and accompanied by a transesterification reaction in which the heavy chains (HCs) of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (IalphaI)-related proteins are covalently transferred to hyaluronan. Tumor necrosis

N-Acetyl-Glucosamine Sensitizes Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis by Activating Death Receptor 5.

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OBJECTIVE Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a potential anti-cancer agent due to its selective toxicity. However, many human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells are partially resistant to TRAIL, thereby limiting its clinical application. Therefore, there is a

In vitro immune aggression against rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells.

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Rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells cultivated with certain antisera underwent growth changes and necrosis. These cytotoxic antisera were obtained by immunizing rabbits against rat aorta, human or pig aortic glycoproteins, human serum glycoproteins and E. coli lipopolysaccharide. These different

Resting and cytokine-stimulated human small airway epithelial cells recognize and engulf apoptotic eosinophils.

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Eosinophils, which are prominent cells in asthmatic inflammation, undergo apoptosis and are recognized and engulfed by phagocytic macrophages in vitro. We have examined the ability of human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) to recognize and ingest apoptotic human eosinophils. Cultured SAEC

N-butyryl glucosamine increases matrix gene expression by chondrocytes.

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Proteoglycan synthesis is dependent on N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) produced by the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway or obtained exogenously. Although used therapeutically to relieve symptoms of osteoarthritis, the actions of glucosamine and its analogs on cartilage are poorly understood. The

Modulation of cytokine-induced prostaglandin E₂ production in cultures of articular chondrocytes obtained from carpal joints of camels (Camelus dromedarius).

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OBJECTIVE To determine whether camel articular chondrocytes can be maintained in tissue culture without phenotype loss and whether the response to cytokine stimulation can be modulated. METHODS Cartilage from 4 carpal joints of healthy adult dromedary camels (Camelus

First Report of Artichoke Bacterial Stem Rot Caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum in China.

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A new disease on globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) was observed in the springs of 2008 and 2009 and during the spring and fall seasons of 2010 in commercial fields (nearly 1,000 ha) in Changde, Hunan Province, China. Characteristic symptoms were wilting and necrosis of the outermost leaves and

First Report of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum on Spathiphyllum wallisii in Argentina.

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Peace lily (Spathiphyllum wallisii Regel) is a popular ornamental potted plant in Argentina. During May of 2008 (austral autumn), necrotic lesions of unknown etiology were observed on S. wallisii in a nursery in Pontevedra (34°45'6″S, 58°42'42″W). Plants first showed water-soaked areas starting from

TNF-alpha increases the carbohydrate sulfation of CD44: induction of 6-sulfo N-acetyl lactosamine on N- and O-linked glycans.

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CD44 and sulfation have both been implicated in leukocyte adhesion. In monocytes, the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) stimulates CD44 sulfation, and this correlates with the induction of CD44-mediated adhesion events. However, little is known about the sulfation of CD44

Structural requirements of synthetic muropeptides to synergize with lipopolysaccharide in cytokine induction.

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Muropeptides contribute to the recognition of bacteria by modulating immune responses: the structural requirements for adjuvant activity were described in the seventies. During the last years, our knowledge of bacterial pattern recognition has increased dramatically and the importance of the absence

Hyaluronan modulates pro-inflammatory immune activity in the mid-trimester amniotic cavity.

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Hyaluronan (HA), which comprises repeating disaccharides of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-glucosamine, is a component of the extracellular matrix. In response to infection or tissue injury HA is released into the extracellular milieu where it modulates immune activity. We hypothesized that HA is

First Outbreak of Bacterial Leaf Spot Caused by Xanthomonas campestris on Canola in Argentina.

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Canola (Brassica napus) is an alternative crop to wheat in Argentina and ~16,000 ha are grown commercially in southern Buenos Aires Province. During 2003, experimental field plots of canola plants located at Agronomy Faculty, University of Buenos Aires, in Buenos Aires were severely damaged by a

A unifying model of glucotoxicity in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells and the effect of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin.

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Glucotoxicity in renal tubular epithelial cells (RPTECs) contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors may exert their renoprotective effect by preventing glucotoxicity. We tested whether the confirmed in capillary

Role of mannose receptor in oligochitosan-mediated stimulation of macrophage function.

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In this paper, we aimed to study the role of mannose receptor (MR) in oligochitosan induced RAW264.7 (a murine macrophage cell line) activation. Oligochitosan, which has 3-10 saccharide (N-acetyl-glucosamine or glucosamine) residues, was prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of chitosan using cellulase.

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