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B-cell activating factor-receptor (BAFF-R) is the primary BAFF receptor that is responsible for promoting B-cell development and survival. Malignant B-cells exploit the BAFF/BAFF-R system, and high serum BAFF levels or genetic alterations in BAFF receptors have been found in B-cell cancers. BAFF
Carbocisteine is a mucoregulatory drug normalizing sialic acid and fucose contents in mucins through the regulation of glycosyltransferase activities. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced overexpression of sialyl-Lewis x epitopes, containing sialic acid and fucose, in mucins were previously
In the serum-free culture of rat embryonic neurons, most neurons rapidly died by necrosis, which was revealed by propidium iodide (PI)-positive staining as early as 3 h after the start of culture and by marked membrane disruption and mitochondrial swelling in transmission electron microscopic (TEM)
BACKGROUND
Neuro-immune interactions play a significant role in regulating the severity of inflammation. Our previous work demonstrated that neuropeptide Y (NPY) is upregulated in the enteric nervous system during murine colitis and that NPY knockout mice exhibit reduced inflammation. Here, we
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) influences endothelial cell viability by altering the regulatory molecules involved in induction or suppression of apoptosis. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not completely understood. In this study, we demonstrated that A20 (also known as TNFAIP3, tumor
Hepatocyte proliferation represents an important part of tissue repair. In these studies, TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) knockout mice were used to analyze the role of TNF-alpha in hepatocyte proliferation during acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Treatment of wild-type (WT) mice with acetaminophen (300
The effect of (0.05 ng ml-1 and 0.1 ng ml(-1)) TNF alpha on the phospholipid metabolism of Tetrahymena pyriformis was studied. The amount of phosphatidyl choline (PC), phosphatidyl inositol (PI), phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), diacylglycerol (DAG), arachidonic acid (AA) and
Thioglycollate-elicited macrophages (m phi), upon binding the lectin Griffonia simplicifolia IB4 (GSIB4) at the plasma membrane, are induced to secrete several low molecular weight proteins. In this investigation, results from specific ELISA and immunoprecipitation analysis of these molecules
Tianeptine sodium salt (TSS) is a selective facilitator of serotonin, but there are no reports regarding anti-invasive effects of TSS. Therefore, we investigated the effect of TSS on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and invasion in three different human carcinoma cell lines. Our
BACKGROUND
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression has been documented in human and canine prostate carcinoma (PCA). Canine PCA is a histologically heterogeneous tumor, sometimes including inflammatory infiltrates. However, it is unknown whether COX-2 expression in canine PCA is related to the
The goal of the present review is to collect information concerning membrane effects induced by lindane intoxication, a y isomer of hexachiorocyclohexane (gamma-HCH) that has been largely used as an insecticide and disinfectant in agriculture and entered also in the composition of some lotions,
The transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor alpha-subunit (HIFalpha) is pivotal in the cellular response to the stress of hypoxia. Post-translational modification of HIFalpha by hydroxylase enzymes has recently been identified as a key "oxygen sensing" mechanism within the cell. The absence of
Hypoglycaemia is associated with severe malaria and is an important prognostic indicator. Molecules liberated during overnight incubation of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium yoelii induce marked hypoglycaemia in normal mice, with a delayed time course compared with insulin; some, though weaker,
Glycolipids from Mycobacterium tuberculosis have a profound impact on the innate immune response of the host. Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) is a pattern-recognition receptor that has been shown to bind trehalose dimycolate (TDM) from the mycobacterium and instigate intracellular
Ischemic preconditioning results in an immediate phase of protection against lethal ischemia/reperfusion injury that is comprised of both irreversible necrosis and programmed cell death, apoptosis. We hypothesized that preconditioning may activate putative anti-apoptotic pathways, through the