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Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) is known to be pro-inflammatory and increasing evidence points to an inflammatory component in osteoarthritis. This investigation examined the relationship between synovitis and PAR-2 expression, histological and immunohistochemical analysis being performed on
OBJECTIVE
Joint bleeding results in blood-induced arthropathy. We investigate whether a joint bleed alters protease-activated receptor (PAR) expression, and whether treatment with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeted against PAR1-4 attenuates synovitis and cartilage
OBJECTIVE
High mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB-1) is a ubiquitous chromatin component expressed in nucleated mammalian cells. It has recently and unexpectedly been demonstrated that stimulated live mononuclear phagocytes secrete HMGB-1, which then acts as a potent factor that causes
BACKGROUND
Cathepsin K (catK) expression is increased in cartilage, bone and synovium during osteoarthritis (OA). To study the role of catK expression and elevated cathepsin activity in the synovium on cartilage destruction in established OA, we overexpressed cystatin C (cysC), a natural cysteine
The activities of neutral collagenolytic enzymes (CE) and neutral proteoglycan-degrading enzymes (PE) in the synovial membranes of osteoarthritis (OA) patients were determined. The total neutral metallo-CE activity showed a significantly higher level of activity when the membranes of OA patients
OBJECTIVE
Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is an uncommon idiopathic, proliferative synovial disease. Since matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are assumed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of PVNS, we examined the expression and activity of MMP and tissue inhibitor of
Bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)methane, a powerful synthetic trypsin inhibitor, proved to be highly effective in suppressing the arthritis induced by streptococcal cell wall fragments in Lewis rats. It reduced not only the degree of synovitis, osteitis, and hematopoietic hyperplasia in the distal
In rheumatoid arthritis, T lymphocytes have been proposed to play a pivotal role in the disease process, but they have also been considered to simply represent an epiphenomenon in a primarily synoviocyte/macrophage-driven disease. To directly examine the contribution of CD4 T cells in synovitis, T
BACKGROUND
The caterpillar of the moth Premolis semirufa, commonly named pararama, is found in the Brazilian Amazon region. Accidental contact with the caterpillar bristles causes an intense itching sensation, followed by symptoms of an acute inflammation, which last for three to seven days after
Early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention are needed to prevent the morbidity related to erosive arthropathies such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), yet it is difficult to distinguish various forms of synovitis early in the disease course. The availability of synovial tissue biopsy techniques has
OBJECTIVE
To explore the involvement of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) and PAR-2 in the pathologic processes of osteoarthritis (OA) and to identify the cells/tissues primarily affected by ablation of PAR-1 or PAR-2 in mice.
METHODS
OA was induced in the joints of wild-type (WT), PAR-1(+/+) ,
The objective of this study is to examine the differential expression of mast cell tryptase and its receptor, protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), in the synovium and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses
Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) is one member of a small family of transmembrane, G-protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are activated via cleavage of their N terminus by serine proteases (e.g., tryptase), unveiling an N terminus tethered ligand which binds to the second extracellular
OBJECTIVE
To compare the activities of cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and L (EC 3.4.22.15), calpain (EC 3.4.22.17), and dipeptidyl peptidase (EC 3.4.14.5 or DPP IV or CD26) in synovial membrane from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), and post-traumatic joint injury
Infection with helminth parasites triggers strong and stereotypic immune responses in humans and mice, which can protect against specific experimentally-induced autoimmune diseases. We have shown that infection with the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, confers a protective effect on FCA-induced