[Preventive treatment of convulsions in perinatal asphyxia].

A double blind randomized study has been performed in 17 newborn infants bearing a diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia and treated with phenobarbital (FB) or phenytoin (DPH) to prevent the onset of seizures. The initial dose for both drugs was 12 m/kg IM the first day, followed by 6 mg/kg/day through the seventh day. Patients were clinically assessed daily and drug blood levels were also determined daily by enzyme immunoassay (EMIT). Mean FB levels along the seven days were 17.6, 23.7, 25.6, 31.6, 31.4, 36.7, and 44.6 micrograms/ml. One child treated with FB exhibited seizures on the second day and six children showed drowsiness and bradycardia on the last two days, that were attributable to high levels of FB. Mean (DPH) levels along the study were: 4.6, 7.0, 9.7, 6.5, 4.5, and 5.2 micrograms/ml. Seizures occurred in one of the DPH-treated patients and signs of therapeutic inefficacy such as hypertonus and abnormal movements appeared in four children.