Patients on hemodialysis who consumed one month Standardized Aronia Melanocrpa extract

Renal Disease

Dialysis; Complications

Anemia

During 30 days all patients take every day 30ml of Alixir 400 protect

Alixir 400 Protect

Faculty of Medical Science

The Effects of One Month Consumption of Standardized Aronia Melanocarpa Extract on Anemia in Patients on Hemodialysis

The Effects of One Month Consumption of Standardized Aronia Melanocarpa Extract on Anemia in Patients on Hemodialysis: Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

Superoxide anion radical, Hydrogen peroxide, Nitrites Units nmol/ml

Superoxide dismutase, Catalase Units U/g Hb x 1000

Reduced glutathione Unit nmol/l RBC x 1000

The parameters of inflammation CRP Unit mg/l

The parameters of inflammation TNF alpha Unit pg/ml

The parameters of inflammation white blood cells Unit x 1000000000 cells/l

Isidora Milosavljevic

Assistant professor

University of Kragujevac

Pharmanova d.o.o., Obrenovac, Serbia

Serum and fecal specimens (gut microbiome DNA)

Metabolic Syndrome

Inflammation

Hypertriglyceridemia

Obesity

Impacts of Aronia on Inflammation and the Gut Microbiome

Determining the Gut Microbiota-dependent Impacts of Anthocyanin-rich Aronia Berries on Obese Individuals of Distinct Inflammatory Phenotypes

Serum levels of a six cytokine panel: interleukin (IL)-1B, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)

Taxonomic composition of the gut microbiome measured from 16s rRNA sequencing of stool samples

TG concentrations before, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours following consumption of a meal containing 50 g of fat (toast with butter)

Cytokine panel (IL-1B, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, TNF-a, and GM-CSF) before, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours following consumption of a meal containing 50 g of fat (toast with butter)

Serum metabolome before, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours following consumption of a meal containing 50 g of fat (toast with butter)

Fasting serum TG, LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol

Serum metabolome measured after an overnight fast

Maximal aerobic capacity (ml of O2 per kg of body mass per min)

Self report of the number of days each week in which aerobic, strength, and stretching type exercises are performed

Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

Montana State University

Formulation containing inert artificially colored maltodextrin, two capsules once a day, in a 500 mg capsule regimen (total intake 1000 mg)

Formulation containing 50% Aronia full spectrum and 50% placebo, two capsules once a day, in a 500 mg capsule regimen (total intake 1000 mg)

Formulation of 100% Aronia full spectrum, two capsules once a day, in a 500 mg capsule regimen (total intake 1000 mg)

Endothelial Dysfunction

Aging

Powdered whole fruit obtained from aronia berries (Aronia melanocarpa)

Aronia full spectrum - half dose

Aronia full spectrum - full dose

Identical formulation as the treatment consisting of colored maltodextrin using artificial colors.

Placebo

Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University

Effects of Aronia Berries on Vascular Endothelial Function and the Gut Microbiota in Middle-Aged/Older Adults

Aronia Berry Supplementation for Improving Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Modulating the Gut Microbiota in Middle-Aged/Older Adults

Determine the effects on RHI measured by EndoPAT

Determine the effects on stool sample microbial populations

Determine the effects on brachial and aortic blood pressure measured by SphygmoCor

Determine the effects on augmentation index measured by SphygmoCor

Determine the effects on gastrointestinal health using a validated questionnaire

Determine the effects on aortic arterial stiffness measured by SphygmoCor

Determine the effects on blood lipid profiles (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides)

Determine the effects on plasma polyphenol metabolites

Determine the effects on fecal polyphenol metabolites

Determine the effects on urine polyphenol metabolites

Colorado State University

Naturex-Dbs

Chokeberry extract capsule pharmacokinetics

Color-matched rice powder pill
Placebo capsule: Color-matched rice powder pill, 2 x 250 mg/day for 12 weeks

Color-matched Rice Powder Pill

Chokeberry extract capsule
Chokeberry Extract: Consumption of 2 x 250 mg chokeberry extract capsules daily for 12 weeks.

Chokeberry Extract Capsule

Chokeberry extract capsule, acute: Chokeberry extract capsule, 2 x 250 mg, one-time dose.

Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute)

Total

Sex: Female, Male

Height

Average years of smoking

Degree of past smoking

Weight

Waist circumference

Systolic blood pressure

Diastolic blood pressure

Total cholesterol

HDL-cholesterol

LDL-cholesterol

Triglycerides

Total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol

Change in LDL cholesterol from baseline after chronic supplementation. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

Chokeberry Extract: Consumption of 2 x 250 mg chokeberry extract capsules daily for 12 weeks.

LDL Cholesterol

Change in fasting total cholesterol from baseline after chronic supplementation. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

Total Cholesterol

Change in fasting plasma cholesterol from baseline after chronic supplemenation. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

Change in fasting plasma triglycerides from baseline after chronic supplementation. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

Change in resting systolic blood pressure after chronic supplementation. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

Resting Systolic Blood Pressure

Change in resting diastolic blood pressure after chronic supplementation. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

Resting Diastolic Blood Pressure

Change in resting urinary F2-isoprostanes after chronic supplementation. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

Urinary F2-isoprostanes

Monocyte messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression normalized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) after chronic supplementation. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase (HMGR)

Monocyte LDL receptor mRNA normalized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase after chronic supplementation. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

LDL Receptor (LDLR)

Monocyte LDL receptor protein by Western blot, normalized to β-actin after chronic supplementation. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

LDL Receptor (LDLR) Protein

Plasma area under the curve of chokeberry polyphenols and their metabolites. Measurement (time 0) began at study baseline. Not determined in chronic arms (Color-matched Rice Powder Pill or Chokeberry Extract Capsule).

Plasma Area Under the Curve of Chokeberry Polyphenols and Their Metabolites.

Urinary excretion of polyphenols, from 0 to 24 h after consumption of extract, area under the curve (AUC) in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (acute) arm only.

Urinary Excretion of Polyphenols

Fasting plasma adiponectin after chronic consumption. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

Adiponectin

Fasting plasma interleukin-1 beta after chronic consumption. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

Interleukin-1 Beta

Fasting plasma interleukin-6 after chronic supplementation. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

Interleukin-6

Fasting plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 after chronic supplementation. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1

Fasting plasma Tumor necrosis factor-alpha after chronic supplementation. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Fasting plasma C-reactive protein after chronic supplementation. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

C-reactive Protein

Fasting plasma intercellular adhesion molecule 1 after chronic supplementation. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1

Fasting plasma soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 after chronic consumption. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1

Fasting plasma P-selectin after chronic supplementation. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

P-selectin

Fasting plasma total antioxidant capacity after chronic supplementation. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

Total Antioxidant Capacity

Catalase activity after chronic supplementation. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

Catalase Activity

Fasting plasma glutathione peroxidase activity after chronic supplementation. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

Glutathione Peroxidase Activity

Fasting plasma superoxide dismutase after chronic supplementation. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

Superoxide Dismutase Activity

Overnight urinary polyphenol excretion after chronic supplementation. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

Urinary Polyphenol Excretion

Energy-adjusted intake based on 3-day dietary recalls, determined by the average of baseline and 12 weeks. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

Energy-adjusted Nutrient Intake: Carbohydrate, Protein, Fat, Fiber

Energy intake reported from 3-day dietary recalls at baseline and 12 weeks, determined by the average of baseline and 12 weeks. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

Energy Intake

Energy-adjusted micronutrient intake from 3-day dietary recalls at baseline and 12 weeks. Values reported as the average of baseline and 12 weeks. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

Energy-adjusted Micronutrient Intake

Energy-adjusted polyphenol intake assessed by 3-day dietary recalls at baseline and 12 weeks, values determined by average of baseline and 12 weeks. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

Polyphenol Intake

Energy-adjusted intake of dietary antioxidant capacity determined by 3-day dietary recalls at baseline and 12 weeks. Values reported as average of baseline and 12 weeks. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

Intake of Dietary Antioxidant Capacity

Energy-adjusted vitamin A intake from 3-day dietary recalls at baseline and 12 weeks. Values reported as the average of baseline and 12 weeks. Not determined in Chokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute) arm as this arm was a one-time dose.

Energy-adjusted Vitamin A Intake

Chokeberry extract capsule
Chokeberry Extract: Consumption of 2 x 250 mg chokeberry extract capsules daily for 12 weeks.
Chokeberry extract capsule, acute: Chokeberry extract capsule, 2 x 250 mg, one-time dose.

Chaokeberry Extract Capsule (Acute)

Overall Study

Dr. Bradley Bolling

Cardiovascular Disease

Oxidative Stress

Consumption of 2 x 250 mg chokeberry extract capsules daily for 12 weeks.

Chokeberry Extract

Color-matched rice powder pill, 2 x 250 mg/day for 12 weeks

Placebo capsule

Chokeberry extract capsule, 2 x 250 mg, one-time dose.

Chokeberry extract capsule, acute

University of Connecticut Department of Nutritional Sciences

aronia arbutifolia/vnetje

The Effects of One Month Consumption of Standardized Aronia Melanocarpa Extract on Anemia in Patients on Hemodialysis

Impacts of Aronia on Inflammation and the Gut Microbiome

Effects of Aronia Berries on Vascular Endothelial Function and the Gut Microbiota in Middle-Aged/Older Adults

Study of Chokeberry to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Former Smokers

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