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Traditional hypotheses for the pathogenesis of dystonia, the third most common movement disorder, have focused primarily on the basal ganglia. Contemporary theories have emphasized the role of the cerebellum. The modulation of peripheral proprioception also affects dystonia. We proposed a unifying
OBJECTIVE
There is compelling evidence of central nervous system involvement in neuropathic pain and movement disorders in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Previously, elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 were found in CRPS patients
BACKGROUND
Focal hand dystonia and carpal tunnel syndrome are linked to impairment of the central and peripheral nervous systems, respectively. We report a singular case combining these two entities.
METHODS
A 44-year-old right-handed male pharmacy employee whose daily activity for 18 years was to
We report a 40-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and associated inflammatory polyarthritis who presented with acute facial dystonic spasms. Her speech was also affected. An MRI brain showed bilateral symmetrical basal ganglia signal change on T2. This movement disorder was due
There are only six cases in literature that describe development of dystonia with Sjogren's syndrome (SS). We describe a case of a 43-year-old woman who presented with symptoms including movement disorder, sensory neurogenic bladder, sensory loss and neuropathic pain, migraine like headaches,
Background: The authors present a case of a 66-year-old male who was diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus, and his medical course of highly active antiretroviral therapy was complicated with the development of immune reconstitution
OBJECTIVE
To compare clinical characteristics of the involuntary movements in primary and symptomatic dystonias.
METHODS
132 consecutive patients with the diagnosis of primary dystonia and 51 consecutive patients with secondary dystonia caused by well defined structural lesion(s) of the central
Encephalitis lethargica (EL) syndrome was classically described by Von Economo and has somnolent-ophthalmoplegic, hyperkinetic, and amyostatic-akinetic forms. We describe 2 recent cases of EL characterized by an acute encephalitis with mixed movement disorders (dystonia-Parkinsonism plus stereotypy)
Familial, early onset, generalized torsion dystonia is the most common and severe primary dystonia. Most cases are caused by a 3-bp deletion (GAG) in the coding region of the TOR1A (DYT1) gene, which is widely expressed in human brain and encodes the protein torsinA. This study compares
Eales' disease is an idiopathic occlusive vasculopathy of the retina, which is characterized by extensive peripheral non-perfusion, perivascular sheathing, and neovascularization. It is associated with recurrent vitreous hemorrhages. Both eyes are affected consecutively in 80% to 90% of the
The authors observed 53 patients with odontogenous inflammatory processes of the maxillary sinus. In 27 patients there was a neurocirculatory dystonia. The surgical treatment gave an improvement in the course of neurocirculatory dystonias and in a number of cases a complete recovery of the patients
OBJECTIVE
Benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) and hemifacial spasm (HFS) belong to a spectrum of focal movement disorders that cause involuntary, spasmodic contractions of the eyelid and facial muscles. In our clinical experience, we have observed an increased prevalence of rosacea in patients who
Dystonia and chorea are uncommon accompaniments, but sometimes the presenting features of certain acquired systemic disorders that presumably alter basal ganglia function. Hypoxia-ischaemia may injure the basal ganglia through hypoperfusion of subcortical vascular watershed regions and by altering
BACKGROUND
GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GTP-CH1), the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), encoded by the GCH1 gene, has been implicated in the development and maintenance of inflammatory pain in rats. In humans, homozygous carriers of a "pain-protective" (PP) haplotype of