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Tobacco smoking has been linked to an increased risk of multiple sclerosis. However, to date, results from the few studies on the impact of smoking on the progression of disability are conflicting. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of smoking on disability progression and disease
Environmental causes and genetic factors play important role in causation of multiple sclerosis (MS). Tobacco smoking is recognized as a risk factor of the most common inflammatory demyelinating disorder of central nervous system. Experimental studies showed inhibitory effect of tobacco smoke
There is increasing evidence of tobacco smoking as an associative factor in multiple sclerosis (MS). Numerous studies have been conducted investigating the effects of smoking before the onset of MS as well as its impact on disease course. This special report reviews the available evidence and
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate whether Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels or tobacco use were associated with conversion to multiple sclerosis (MS) or MS progression/activity in patients presenting with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS).
METHODS
In this prospective, longitudinal
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats through immunization with guinea pig spinal cord homogenate (GPSCH) produces a chronic disease with a relapsing pattern such as multiple sclerosis (MS) in humans. In previous studies, the immunomodulatory benefits of mesenchymal stem cells
This article is focusing on the etiology of the multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is the disease of autoimmune origin, concerning mainly young people with its complicated nature. The course of the degenerative and inflammatory process is variable and unexpected, from featureless to the vast and rapidly
OBJECTIVE
As patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have more than 2.5-fold increased mortality risk, we sought to investigate the impact of tobacco smoking on the risk of premature death and its contribution to the excess mortality in MS patients.
METHODS
We studied 1032 patients during the period
In recent years, the increase in the incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS - Multiple Sclerosis) is observed. and the direct cause of the symptoms of multiple sclerosis is myelin nerves damage. It can be concluded that the environmental factor is at least partly responsible for the occurrence of this
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to disease susceptibility and two viruses associated with MS are human herpesvirus (HHV)-6A and HHV-6B, together referred to as HHV-6. This study
BACKGROUND
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune, neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. The cause of multiple sclerosis is still unknown, and there is no cure for multiple sclerosis. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is considered as an animal model for multiple sclerosis.
OBJECTIVE
To study whether tobacco use is associated with MRI and clinical disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
METHODS
Prospective cohort study of 87 patients with relapsing-remitting MS originally included in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of omega-3 fatty acids in MS
OBJECTIVE
The use of moist snuff is common in Sweden and leads to exposure to high doses of nicotine. Recent studies indicate that exposure to nicotine could modulate immune responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of snuff use on the risk of developing multiple sclerosis
Introduction: Tobacco smoke exposure is an established risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS), yet how it confers risk is not known. Evidence from observational studies suggests nicotine may be a protective component. Animal studies
BACKGROUND
Pediatric acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADSs) are monophasic (mono-ADS) in 70% of cases and represent the first attack of multiple sclerosis (MS) in 30%. Secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure has been implicated as a risk factor for adult-onset MS. Little is known about whether SHS
BACKGROUND
Tobacco smoking has consistently been associated with increased risk for multiple sclerosis. However, data has been inconsistent regarding the influence of passive smoking.
OBJECTIVE
The aim was to estimate the influence of passive smoking on the risk for multiple sclerosis.
METHODS
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