Synbiotic Therapy of Gastrointestinal Symptoms During Covid-19 Infection
Fjalë kyçe
Abstrakt
Përshkrim
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)-infected disease (COVID-19) began in Wuhan, Hubei province in December 2019, spread throughout China in early 2020 and developed as a pandemic thereafter. Although the virus mainly causes respiratory symptoms, GI (gastrointestinal) presentations have been reported in and outside of China. Patients may present with anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal discomfort. Also, faecal-oral transmission of the virus is currently discussed. Preliminary, unpublished data from China suggest that patients with GI symptoms may suffer more frequently from severe courses of the disease. Clinical studies show an incidence rate of diarrhea ranging from 2% to 50% of cases. It may precede or trail respiratory symptoms. A pooled analysis revealed an overall percentage of diarrhea onset of 10.4%. SARS-CoV-2 uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for cellular entry. ACE2 is expressed in the small intestinal epithelia as well as in the upper esophagus, liver, and colon. SARS-CoV-2 binding affinity to ACE2 is significantly higher (10-20 times) compared with SARS-CoV. Diarrhea is associated with prolonged symptoms and viral carriage.
Clinical information on the characteristics of Covid-19 diarrhea is scarce. The duration of diarrhea is around 4 days with 3-4 loose stools per day. Faecal calprotectin is elevated in stool of patients with Covid-19 diarrhea.
So far, no therapy is available for Covid-19 infection in general or for Covid-19 induced diarrhea. Rehydration and potassium monitoring should be performed as in all patients with diarrhea. It is important to underline that antivirals and antibiotics are often used for COVID-19 treatment or treatment of bacterial superinfections, involving a likely alteration of the gut microbiota and causing diarrhea. It is therefore plausible that the gut microbiota could be a new therapeutic target and that probiotics or synbiotics (combination of probiotics with prebiotics) could have a role in the management of these patients. The China's National Health Commission recommended the use of probiotics for the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19 in order to preserve intestinal balance and to prevent secondary bacterial infections without any available clinical studies to support this and probiotics apparently were used in Zhejiang during the Covid-19 pandemic. Although there is no specific data on the effects of probiotics on SARS-CoV2 infections, meta-analyses show that probiotics are effective in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections and viral gastroenteritis of other origins. Furthermore, Enterococcus faecium has been shown to have antiviral effects in enteropathogenic coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus infections in piglets. We therefore aim to assess the role of synbiotics in the therapy of Covid-19 infection with gastrointestinal symptoms.
Datat
| Verifikuar së fundmi: | 05/31/2020 |
| Paraqitur së pari: | 06/03/2020 |
| Regjistrimi i vlerësuar u dorëzua: | 06/04/2020 |
| Postuar së pari: | 06/08/2020 |
| Përditësimi i fundit i paraqitur: | 06/04/2020 |
| Përditësimi i fundit i postuar: | 06/08/2020 |
| Data e fillimit të studimit aktual: | 07/31/2020 |
| Data e vlerësuar e përfundimit primar: | 11/30/2021 |
| Data e vlerësimit të përfundimit të studimit: | 11/30/2022 |
Gjendja ose sëmundja
Ndërhyrja / trajtimi
Dietary Supplement: Probiotic
Dietary Supplement: Placebo
Faza
Grupet e krahëve
| Krah | Ndërhyrja / trajtimi |
|---|---|
| Active Comparator: Probiotic Group 1: receiving a probiotic mixture (Omni-Biotic® 10 AAD) twice a day | Dietary Supplement: Probiotic Bacterial strains in Omni-Biotic® 10 AAD are Bifidobacterium bifidum W23, Bifidobacterium lactis W51, Enterococcus faecium W54, Lactobacillus acidophilus W37, Lactobacillus acidophilus W55, Lactobacillus paracasei W20, Lactobacillus plantarum W1, Lactobacillus plantarum W62, Lactobacillus rhamnosus W71 and Lactobacillus salivarius W24 which are embedded in a matrix containing maize starch, maltodextrin, inulin, potassium chloride, hydrolysed rice protein, magnesium sulphate, fructooligosaccharide (FOS), enzymes (amylases), vanilla flavour and manganese sulphate |
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo Group 2: receiving a similar looking and tasting placebo without bacteria twice a day | Dietary Supplement: Placebo matrix containing maize starch, maltodextrin, inulin, potassium chloride, hydrolysed rice protein, magnesium sulphate, fructooligosaccharide (FOS), enzymes (amylases), vanilla flavour and manganese sulphate. |
Kriteret e pranimit
| Moshat e pranueshme për studim | 18 Years Për të 18 Years |
| Gjinitë e pranueshme për studim | All |
| Pranon Vullnetarë të Shëndetshëm | po |
| Kriteret | Inclusion criteria - 18 years or older - Covid-19 infection diagnosed by a positive SARS-Cov-2 PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) result from a nasopharyngeal swab - Sudden onset of diarrhea (two or more loose stools, i.e. Bristol 5-7) - Informed (tele)consent Exclusion criteria - Pre-existing diarrhoea (including but not restricted to chronic inflammatory bowel disease, chronic diarrhea of other causes, acute diarrheal illness -4 to -1 week before inclusion) - Antibiotic therapy -4 to -1 week before inclusion - Probiotic treatment -4 to -1 week before inclusion - Technical difficulties to perform telemedicine study visits |
Rezultati
Masat Kryesore të Rezultateve
1. Diarrhea [30 days]
Masat dytësore të rezultateve
1. Stool frequency [30 days]
2. Stool consistency [30 days]
3. Gastrointestinal symptoms [30 days]
4. Duration of Covid-19 disease [30 days]
5. Severity of Covid-19 disease [30 days]
6. Stool Calprotectin [30 days]
7. Stool Zonulin [30 days]
8. Microbiome composition [30 days]
