Lavandulyl flavanones from the stems of Hypericum calycinum L.

One novel lavandulyl flavanone (=2,3-dihydro-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) with an unusual 5,2',4',6'-tetrahydroxy substitution, calycinigin A (1), was isolated from the stems of Hypericum calycinum L. (Hypericaceae). The structure was elucidated on the basis of 1D- and 2D-NMR analysis, as well as mass spectrometry (LR-EI- and HR-EI-MS) and circular dichroism. Three known lavandulyl flavanones with 5,7,2',4',6'-pentahydroxy substitution, i.e., 2-4, were also isolated. Chemosystematically, this is the first report on the occurrence of prenylated flavanones in the family Hypericaceae. Reduction of cell viability by all compounds was evaluated in a MTT (=3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay using HeLa cells. Compound 1 showed moderate activity with an IC₅₀ value of 9.7±1.8 μM, whereas compounds 2-4 were less active exhibiting IC₅₀ values of 11.6±0.9, 19.3±1.5, and 40.7±2.4 μM, respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by an ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) assay, and calycinigin A (1) was again the most active compound with a Trolox equivalent of 2.3±0.2. None of the compounds was able to reduce the TNF-α induced ICAM-1 expression in vitro using human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1).