The dose of bupivacaine given to each patient was determined by the response of the previously tested patient using a modified Dixon's up-and-down method

Perianal Surgery

using a modified Dixon's up-and-down method (using 0.5 mg as a step size) (16). The first patient was tested at a dose 1.5 mg bupivacaine, if patient responded with failed block then the next patient received an increment of 0.5mg bupivacaine, if patient responded with successful block, then the next patient received a decrement of 0.5mg bupivacaine. The research continued until we obtained seven crossover midpoints.

Dixon's up-and-down method

Minimal Effective Dose of Hyperbaric Spinal Bupivacaine for Saddle Block

The Minimal Effective Dose of Hyperbaric Spinal Bupivacaine for Successful Reliable Saddle Block for Minor Perianal Surgeries

the minimal effective dose of hyperbaric bupivacaine using a modified Dixon's up-and-down method (using 0.5 mg as a step size) (16). The first patient was tested at a dose 1.5 mg bupivacaine, if patient responded with failed block then the next patient received an increment of 0.5mg bupivacaine, if patient responded with successful block, then the next patient received a decrement of 0.5mg bupivacaine. The research continued until we obtained seven crossover midpoints.

level of sensory block scale was checked using alcohol swab throughout segmental skin dermatomes

level of motor block scale was assessed using Bormage scale by asking patient to bend his/her thigh,knees and ankles

Patient's satisfactions were evaluated with a 4-point score (0=poor, 1=good, 2=very good, 3= excellent).

Surgeon's satisfactions were evaluated with a 4-point score (0=poor, 1=good, 2=very good, 3= excellent).

Dammam University

Patients, who are suspected to suffer from CIDP or MMN, will undergo a lumbar puncture as a part of the diagnostic procedure. We expect to include 5-10 patients.
Lumbar puncture Blood sample

All patients with established CIDP in maintenance treatment with SCIG or IVIG are recruited from local registries at the outpatient clinic at Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital.
We expect that 10-15 patients with CIDP and MMN treated with SCIG or IVIG eligible for inclusion. Furthermore, we expect to include 10 CIDP and MMN patients in maintenance therapy from the outpatient clinics at Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital and Department of Neurology, Aalborg University Hospital.

Patients who are diagnosed with other causes of peripheral neuropathies than CIDP. We expect to include 20 patients

Controls include patients with unspecified neurological symptoms or diseases who will undergo a lumbar puncture at the Department of Neurology at Aarhus University Hospital as part of their diagnostic work up irrespective of this study plus healthy controls. We expected to include 40-50 symptomatic controls

Spinal fluid and blood sample for identification of different factors

Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating

Lumbar puncture

Blood sample

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: Etiology, clinical features, and diagnosis

post-dural puncture headache/obesity

Minimal Effective Dose of Hyperbaric Spinal Bupivacaine for Saddle Block

sCD163 & CD19 as Candidate Biomarkers in CIDP and MMN

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