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Radula-centric and odontophore-centric kinematic models of swallowing in Aplysia californica.

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Two kinematic models of the radula/odontophore of the marine mollusc Aplysia californica were created to characterize the movement of structures inside the buccal mass during the feeding cycle in vivo. Both models produce a continuous range of three-dimensional shape changes in the

[Investigations into the X-ray-influenced radula-replacement in the naked snail Limax flavus L.]

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1. The naked snailLimax flavus L. has a radula with longitudinal rows of uniform teeth and cross-rows of teeth with a gradually changing form towards the radula's edge in regular succession, (Fig. 1). The individual tooth sits on the front part of a basal plate. This lies on the radula membrane

[Radula replacement and cell proliferation in the X-irradiated radular gland of the slugLimax flavus L. On the function of the radular gland epithelia].

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Investigations have been carried out on the long-term effect of a single whole body X-irradiation on radula, radula replacement rate, and radular gland ofLimax flavus L. 1. Damage in the radula. In the course of 8 weeks after irradiation with 50 000 R two separate damaged areas develop in the

Proprioceptive input to feeding motor programs in Aplysia.

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Although central pattern generators (CPGs) can produce rhythmic activity in isolation, it is now generally accepted that under physiological conditions information from the external and internal environment is incorporated into CPG-induced motor programs. Experimentally advantageous invertebrate

Comparative buccal anatomy in Helisoma (mollusca, pulmonata, basommatophora).

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Dissections were performed to document buccal anatomy in three species of the pulmonate genus Helisoma Swainson, 1840. The 28 muscles which are responsible for radular feeding in these animals are organized in three concentric and integrated envelopes. The deepest of these includes muscles which

Mechanical reconfiguration mediates swallowing and rejection in Aplysia californica.

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Muscular hydrostats, such as tongues, trunks or tentacles, have fewer constraints on their degrees of freedom than musculoskeletal systems, so changes in a structure's shape may alter the positions and lengths of other components (i.e., induce mechanical reconfiguration). We studied mechanical

Phylogenomics of Aplacophora (Mollusca, Aculifera) and a solenogaster without a foot.

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Recent molecular phylogenetic investigations strongly supported the placement of the shell-less, worm-shaped aplacophoran molluscs (Solenogastres and Caudofoveata) and chitons (Polyplacophora) in a clade called Aculifera, which is the sister taxon of all other molluscs. Thus, understanding the

Characterizing the cauline domatia of two newly discovered ecuadorian ant plants in piper: an example of convergent evolution.

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The stems of some myrmecophytes in Piper are used as domatia by resident ant colonies. Hollow, ant-occupied stems were previously known only in four species of southern Central American Piper, all members of Section Macrostachys. Here we present two additional, unrelated, hollow-stemmed

Activity of an identified histaminergic neuron, and its possible role in arousal of feeding behavior in semi-intact Aplysia.

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The possible functions of histaminergic neuron C2 were studied in an isolated head preparation from which it was possible to obtain intracellular recordings while the buccal mass exhibited feeding-like responses. Application of food to the lips of the isolated head preparation elicited rhythmic

Revision of the dwarf cannibal snails (Nata s.l.) of southern Africa-Nata s.s. and Natella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae), with description of three new species.

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This paper represents the second part of our revisionary studies on the rhytidid fauna of southern Africa. The species discussed belong to the taxon Nata s.l. in which we recognise two genus-level lineages, Nata s.s. and Natella with six (three new) and one species respectively. We update the

Ancestral morphology of crown-group molluscs revealed by a new Ordovician stem aculiferan.

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Exceptionally preserved fossils provide crucial insights into extinct body plans and organismal evolution. Molluscs, one of the most disparate animal phyla, radiated rapidly during the early Cambrian period (approximately 535-520 million years ago (Ma)). The problematic fossil taxa Halkieria and

Mytilus inhibitory peptides (MIP) in the central and peripheral nervous system of the pulmonate gastropods, Lymnaea stagnalis and Helix pomatia: distribution and physiological actions.

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The distribution and neuroanatomy of Mytilus inhibitory peptides (MIP)-containing neurons in the central nervous system and their innervation pattern in the peripheral nervous system of the pulmonate snail species, Lymnaea stagnalis and Helix pomatia, have been investigated immunocytochemically, by

Fine morphology of the jaw apparatus of Puncturella noachina (Fissurellidae, Vetigastropoda).

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Jaws of various kinds occur in virtually all groups of Mollusca, except for Polyplacophora and Bivalvia. Molluscan jaws are formed by the buccal epithelium and either constitute a single plate, a paired formation or a serial structure. Buccal ectodermal structures in gastropods are rather different.

Physiological basis of feeding behavior in Tritonia diomedea. II. Neuronal mechanisms.

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1. The nudibranch mollusk Tritonia diomedea feeds by biting and drawing pieces of coelenterate sea whips into its buccal cavity. It then swallows them in a series of cyclic ingestion movements. The coordinated pattern of swallowing can be elicited in reduced preparations by stimulation of

Monograph on "Lithoglyphopsis" aperta, the snail host of Mekong River schistosomiasis.

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We discuss the morphology, histology, ecology, distribution, systematics, and evolutionary relationships of "Lithoglyphopsis" aperta Temcharoen, the snail host of Mekong River Schistosoma sp., and part of a vast, complex, endemic hydrobid fauna consisting of 11 genera and over 80 species. "L" aperta

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