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Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an economically important cattle pathogen with worldwide distribution. Besides the segregation of noncytopathic and cytopathic (CP) biotypes, BVDV exists as two genotypes. Both genotypes cause similar disease, and the majority of type-2 BVDV (BVDV-2) is no more
In present study, we report the first complete genomic sequence of pig bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus, that of strain ZM-95, which is 12,220 nucleotides long and contains short 5' and 3' non-coding regions and one open reading frame encoding a large polyprotein with 28 potential N-glycosylation
Human rotavirus (HRV) is a leading cause of severe childhood diarrhea, and there is limited vaccine efficacy in the developing world. Neonatal gnotobiotic pigs consuming a prophylactic synbiotic combination of probiotics and rice bran (Pro+RB) did not exhibit HRV diarrhea after challenge. Multiple
EAST1 is produced by a subset of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains. This toxin is a 38-amino acid peptide of 4100 Da. It shares 50% homology with the enterotoxic domain of STa and interacts with the same receptor. The mechanism of action of EAST1is proposed to be identical to that of STa
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections account for the majority of cases of acute secretory diarrhea. The causative agents are enterotoxins secreted by ETEC, among them is the heat-stable enterotoxin, STh. STh is a 19-amino acid peptide containing three disulfide bonds that stimulates
Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis are typically treated with vancomycin or metronidazole, but recent increases in relapse incidence and the emergence of drug-resistant strains of C. difficile indicate the need for new antibiotics. We previously isolated coprisin,
Among 30 patients with islet cell neoplasms or hyperplasia who exhibited marked gastric acid hypersecretion and peptic ulceration and/or diarrhea, fasting plasma gastrin concentrations were less than 150 pg/ml in 11 patients, whereas the remaining 19 patients had hypergastrinemia. Plasma extracts
BACKGROUND
Linaclotide is the first member of a novel class of drugs to be extensively evaluated for the treatment of chronic constipation (CC) and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C).
OBJECTIVE
To provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on linaclotide, its
Rotavirus is one of the main causes of acute diarrhea and enteritis in infants. Currently, studies are underway to assess the use of probiotics to improve rotavirus vaccine protection. A previous work demonstrated that the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT 7210 is able to
A polyclonal antibody to the human adenosine A2b receptor (A2bR) was produced by immunizing a chicken with a multiple antigenic peptide consisting of eight copies of a 16-amino acid peptide, corresponding to the presumed second extracellular loop of the A2bR, linked to a branched lysine core.
Obestatin, a novel putative 23-amino acid peptide, was found to be derived from a mammalian preproghrelin gene by using a bioinformatics approach. Although the effects of obestatin on food intake and upper gut motility remain controversial, no studies have been carried out to explore its influence
Aeromonas sobria has been recognized as pathogens associated with acute gastroenteritis in both adults and children. The major virulence factor has been proposed to be hemolysin which possesses both hemolytic and enterotoxic activities. Mature (bio-active) hemolysin secreted out of cells binds to
Heat-stable enterotoxins (STa) are small, cysteine-rich peptides secreted by Escherichia coli that are able to induce diarrhea through the stimulation of an intestine-specific receptor-guanylyl cyclase known as STaR. A 15-amino acid peptide, guanylin, was recently purified from rat jejunum and
Heat-stable enterotoxins (STs) are 18- or 19-amino acid peptides (STa or ST1) produced by enteropathogenic bacteria with small differences in their amino acid sequence and a highly conserved carboxy terminus. All STs contain a core of three disulfide bridges whose integrity is believed to be
Irritable bowel syndrome is a common functional disorder of the gut. The cause is not known. Symptoms can be quite variable and include abdominal pain, bloating, and sometimes bouts of diarrhea and/or constipation. It causes a great deal of discomfort and distress, but it does not permanently harm