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In addition to being the universal cellular energy source, ATP is the primary reservoir for the neuromodulator adenosine. Consequently, adenosine is produced during ATP-depleting conditions, such as epileptic seizures, during which adenosine acts as an anticonvulsant to terminate seizure activity
Quinolinic acid (QUIN), an endogenous convulsant compound, overstimulates the glutamatergic system stimulating N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, enhancing glutamate release and inhibiting glutamate uptake. Glutamate releases the neuroprotector adenosine, which in turn reduces glutamate release and
Changes in neuropeptide Y (NPY) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d)-positive neurons in the hippocampus were investigated 5, 10 and 20 days after kainic acid (KA) administration using a double labeling method. The numbers of NADPH-d-positive-only and
<AbstractText>Despite decades of epilepsy research, 30% of focal epilepsies remain resistant to antiseizure drugs, with effective drug development impeded by lack of understanding on how seizures are initiated. Here, we report the mechanism of seizure onset relevant to most seizures that are
Adenosine is a well-known endogenous modulator of neuronal excitability with anticonvulsant properties. Thus, the modulation exerted by adenosine might be an effective tool to control seizures. In this study, we investigated the effects of drugs that are able to modulate adenosinergic signaling on
The objective of the present study was to assess metabolic changes in the neocortex and hippocampus of well-oxygenated or moderately hypoxic rats in which fluorothyl-induced seizures were sustained for 5 or 20 min, or which were allowed recovery periods of 5, 15, or 45 min following cessation of
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. However, approximately one-third of epilepsy patients still suffer from uncontrolled seizures. Effective treatments for epilepsy are yet to be developed. N (6)-(3-methoxyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) adenine riboside (B2) is a
Eight 2-arylimino-3-(3-N-morpholinopropyl) thiazolid-4-ones were synthesized from the corresponding 1-aryl-3-(3-N-morpholinopropyl) thiocarbamides, characterized, and tested for their effects on the cellular respiratory activity of rat brain homogenates. All substituted 4-thiazolidones selectively
To investigate nitric oxide production in the brain of the EL mouse, an inbred mutant strain of the ddY mouse that is susceptible to convulsive seizures, we measured whole brain nitric oxide metabolites, and counted the number of nitric oxide-producing cells in the parietal cortex and striatum.
An 18-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of convulsive seizure. He had psychomotor retardation and intellectual disability from childhood, and had been diagnosed with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder when he was 12 years old. He showed mental deficit (Wechsler Adult
This study has investigated the feasibility of calculating the cytoplasmic free [NADP+]/[NADPH] ratio in rat brain. The time course of the change in the substrate ratios of the malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) [E.C. 1.1.1.40], NADP+-isocitrate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) [E.C. 1.1.1.42]
Impaired energy metabolism may play a critical role in the neuronal injury caused by kainic acid (KA) induced status epilepticus (SE). Following an acute dose of KA (15 mg/kg, s.c.) rats developed SE within 1 h. Rats were sacrificed 1 or 72 h after the onset of SE using a head focused microwave
Impaired energy metabolism may play a critical role in the neuronal injury caused by kainic acid (KA) induced status epilepticus (SE). Following an acute dose of KA (15 mg/kg, sc) rats developed SE within 1 h. Rats were sacrificed 1 or 72 h after the onset of SE using a head focused microwave
Adequate, high and deficient dietary levels of zinc (Zn) were compared in seizure-susceptible EL mice with respect to convulsions and to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) diaphorase-positive hippocampal neurons. Diaphorase positivity is associated with nitric oxide (NO) production.
Catabolites of purine nucleotides were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of newborn infants with sepsis, seizures and hydrocephalus using isocratic reversed-phase HPLC. The inosine levels in the CSF of the infants with any of the illnesses were significantly higher when compared with the