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Previous data from our laboratory suggest that the transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder secretes and binds to its surface a glycosaminoglycan. The presence of this substance at the bladder surface markedly reduces the ability of microorganisms to adhere to the mucosa. Furthermore, this
THE DISAPPEARANCE OF BACTERIA FROM THE NORMAL URINARY BLADDER IS APPARENTLY A FUNCTION OF TWO HOST DEFENSE MECHANISMS: the mechanical clearance of organisms by voiding, and the antibacterial activity of the bladder wall. This study quantified the relative contribution of each of these mechanisms to
Antibacterial activity of bladder mucosa is believed to be a host defense against infection. In this study we examined the antibacterial activity of the bladder mucosa without the effect of voiding. In addition we examined whether the property of adherence was advantageous for the organism in
Previous studies performed in our laboratory indicated that the primary antibacterial defense mechanism of the rabbit bladder is the antiadsorptive action of the surface mucopolysaccharide. The increased bacterial adsorption that occurs when the bladder is denuded of this layer was prevented by the
The acid-soluble extract of the bladder mucosal surface was obtained by washing out the bladder with dilute acetic acid in the presence of protease inhibitors. The wash-out materials from rats, rabbits, pigs, and humans manifested strong bactericidal activity against E. coli in vitro. The
Acid-soluble extract of rabbit bladder mucosa was obtained by washing out the bladder of normal female New Zealand rabbit with 1% acetic acid in the presence of proteinase inhibitors. Acid urea polyacrylamide electrophoresis (AU-PAGE) analysis indicated that the extract had more than 10 main protein
The urinary tract is subject to frequent challenges from the gut microflora. Indeed, up to 40% of women will experience at least one urinary tract infection (UTI) during their lifetime. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) contribute to an overwhelming majority of these cases and they typically
We have developed a model in rabbits for quantitatively determining the attachment of microbial organisms to the vesical mucosa. Our data suggest that the bladder has a primary antibacterial defense mechanism that serves to interrupt microbial attachment. This mechanism seems to be secretory, since
A simple physical model of the catheterised bladder has been used to assess the activities of antiseptic agents that have been recommended as bladder instillations in the treatment of urinary tract infections in patients with indwelling catheters. The activities of povidone-iodine, phenoxyethanol,
Acid-soluble extract of human bladder mucosal surface was obtained by washing out the bladder of accidentally dead male human with 1% acetic acid in the presence of proteinase inhibitors. Acid urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (AU-PAGE) indicated that the acid-soluble extract had more than 10
The antibacterial activity of six antiseptic solutions formulated for use in bladder washout procedures has been examined in a simple model of the catheterized bladder. The experiments were carried out under conditions which examined the efficacy of the formulations against organisms that had