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Various studies have suggested that women who smoke have a worse prognosis if they develop breast cancer. Cotinine levels have been measured in sera from 511 patients with stage I and II breast cancer diagnosed between 1975 and 1980, all of whom had complete follow-up. Although the known prognostic
OBJECTIVE
Cotinine has optimal characteristics as a hapten for pre-targeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT). This study was performed to evaluate the applicability of cotinine/anti-cotinine antibody to PRIT.
METHODS
We developed and prepared a tandem, single-chain, variable fragment Fc fusion protein
Nicotine is the addiction causing alkaloid in tobacco, and it is used in smoking cessation therapies. Although the metabolic pathways of nicotine are well known and mainly occur in the liver, the transport of nicotine and its metabolites is poorly characterized. The highly hydrophilic nature and
Several studies have found aberrant DNA methylation levels in breast cancer cases, but factors influencing DNA methylation patterns and the mechanisms are not well understood. This case-control study evaluated blood methylation level of two repetitive elements and selected breast cancer-related
Endothelial tight junctions and efflux transporters of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) significantly limit brain accumulation of many drugs, including protease inhibitors such as saquinavir. The cholinergic agonist nicotine is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world and the incidence is even
Second primary tumors (SPTs) develop at an annual rate of 3-7% in patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). In a previous Phase III study, we observed that high doses of 13-cis-retinoic acid reduced the SPT rate in this disease. In 1991, we launched an intergroup, placebo-controlled,
BACKGROUND
Men and women who smoke tend to show less compliance to screening guidelines than non- smokers. However, a recent study in Korea showed that self-reported female smokers constituted less than half of cotinine-verified smokers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify hidden
Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) has been linked with several adverse health outcomes, including preterm birth and low birth weight, which are both related to onset of puberty. No studies to date have investigated the association between TRAP and altered pubertal timing.
Determine the
Evidence is accumulating that elevated circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is related to increased cancer risk. The identification of hormonal, reproductive and lifestyle characteristics influencing its synthesis and bioavailability is of particular interest. Data from 400 women, who