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We generated transgenic mice homozygous for the tyrosine kinase-deficient human insulin receptor (hIRK1030M(+/+)) under control of the insulin receptor promoter. Similar growth patterns and results of glucose tolerance tests were observed among normal, heterozygous, and homozygous mice. Insulin
Protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) negatively regulates insulin and leptin signaling, rendering it an attractive drug target for treatment of obesity-induced insulin resistance. However, some studies suggest caution when targeting macrophage PTP1B, due to its potential anti-inflammatory role.
The tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin receptor was examined in fat cells made insulin resistant by hyperinsulinemia. Adipocytes previously treated for 16 h in vitro with 0.1 microM insulin were markedly insensitive to insulin as shown by the requirement of 2.3-fold higher concentration of
Patients with lung cancer harboring activating epidermal growth factor (EGFR) mutations and pre-existing diabetes have been demonstrated to exhibit poor responses to first-line EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. Strategies for the management of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs in patients
Insulin resistance, the diminished response of target tissues to insulin, is associated with the metabolic syndrome and a predisposition towards diabetes in a growing proportion of the worldwide population. Under insulin resistant states, the cellular response of the insulin signaling pathway is
Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome are pathologies where insulin resistance plays a central role, and that affect a large population worldwide. These pathologies are usually associated with a dysregulation of insulin secretion leading to a chronic exposure of the tissues to high
To test the hypothesis that glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance might originate from abnormalities in insulin receptor signaling, we investigated the effects of glucocorticoids on in vivo tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and the insulin receptor substrate IRS-1 in rat skeletal
Aging is often accompanied by reduced insulin sensitivity and cardiac dysfunction. However, the causal relationship between the two remains poorly understood. This study was designed to determine the impact of cardiac-specific overexpression of antioxidant metallothionein (MT) on aging-associated
Objective: Interventions for hyperinsulinemia (HINS), an early indicator of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), can significantly reduce the T2DM risk. This study aims to determine how dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition prevents HINS
To test the effects of acute fetal hyperinsulinemia on the pattern and time course of insulin signaling in ovine fetal skeletal muscle, we measured selected signal transduction proteins in the mitogenic, protein synthetic, and metabolic pathways in the skeletal muscle of normally growing fetal sheep
It has been generally assumed that insulin circulates freely in blood. However it can also interact with plasma proteins. Insulin receptors are located in the membrane of target cells and consist of an alpha and beta subunits with a tyrosine kinase cytoplasmic domain. The ectodomain, called soluble
Overexpression of bovine growth hormone (bGH) in transgenic (PEPCK-bGH) mice induces resistance to insulin, which is compensated by a major increase in insulin levels. In these animals, hepatic insulin receptors (InsRs) are downregulated while tyrosine kinase activity of wheat germ agglutinin
We examined insulin binding, insulin-stimulated autophosphorylation, and phosphorylation of poly(Glu.Na,Tyr)4:1 by liver and skeletal muscle insulin receptor from lean, obese, and obese streptozocin-induced diabetic Zucker rats. Induction of diabetes with streptozocin (30 mg/kg) lowered the lasting
The syndrome of type A insulin resistance in nonobese women is characterized by hyperinsulinemia, resistance to exogenous insulin, acanthosis nigricans, polycystic ovaries, and masculinization. Insulin binding to intact circulating monocytes and cultured Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-lymphocytes
Obesity is typically associated with resistance to leptin, yet the mechanism by which leptin signaling becomes impaired is poorly understood. Here we sought to determine if the development of obesity and leptin resistance correlates with increased expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B