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Conifer needles from mountain areas of Alberta and British Columbia, Canada, were collected from sites that ranged in altitude from 770 to 2200 masl and were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCs) to determine if they are progressively concentrated in
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The growth limitation hypothesis (GLH) is the most accepted mechanistic explanation for treeline formation, although it is still uncertain whether it applies across taxa. The successful establishment of Pinus contorta--an exotic conifer species in the southern hemisphere--above the Nothofagus
Population responses to climate were assessed using 3-7 years height growth data gathered for 266 populations growing in 12 common gardens established in the 1980s as part of five disparate studies of Pinus contorta var. latifolia. Responses are interpreted according to three concepts: the