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INTRODUCTION Hemorrhoids are normal vascular structures in the anal canal, arising from a cushion of dilated arteriovenous channels and connective tissues, that drains into the superior and inferior hemorrhoidal veins. Their main function is to maintain anal continence, serve as a protection for the
Sacrospinous ligament fixation (SSLF) is commonly performed to treat apical prolapse. Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a complaint for which as many as 11% of women seek surgical intervention in their lifetimes (2). SSLF is associated with shorter operating time, improved patient recovery time, fewer
Preterm premature rupture of membranes is the rupture of membranes during pregnancy before 37 weeks' gestation. It occurs in 3 percent of pregnancies and is the cause of approximately one third of preterm deliveries. It can lead to significant perinatal morbidity, including respiratory distress