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Polyamines are involved in many fundamental cellular processes. Common polyamines are putrescine, spermidine and spermine. Spermine is synthesized by transfer of an aminopropyl residue derived from decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine to spermidine. Thermospermine is an isomer of spermine and assumed
We have proposed that the polyamine spermine (Spm) functions as a signaling molecule to evoke defense reactions/cell death in avirulent pathogen-attacked tobacco plants. To understand its molecular basis in depth, Spm-responsive genes in Arabidopsis thaliana were identified by SuperSAGE analysis.
Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) are traditionally implicated in the response of plants to environmental cues. Free spermine accumulation has been suggested as a particular feature of long-term salt stress, and in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana the spermine synthase gene
Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous aliphatic amines that play important roles in growth, development, and environmental stress responses in plants. In this study, we report that exogenous application of spermine (Spm) is effective in the induction of resistance to gray mold disease, which is caused by
CONCLUSIONS
Our work suggests that long chain polyamines and their derivatives are potential chemicals to control viral pathogens for crop production. Previously we showed that two tetraamines, spermine (Spm) and thermospermine (T-Spm), induce the expression of a subset of defense-related genes and
It is well known that changes in abiotic conditions such as the concentration of ions, temperature and humidity lead to modulation of polyamine contents in plants. However, little is known about the relevant parts these polyamines play in abiotic stress responses. Here we addressed a specific role
The effect of up-regulation of putrescine (Put) production by genetic manipulation on the turnover of spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) was investigated in transgenic cells of poplar (Populus nigra × maximowiczii) and seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana. Several-fold increase in Put production was
Polyamines are low molecular weight aliphatic compounds involved in various biochemical, cellular and physiological processes in all organisms. In plants, genes involved in polyamine biosynthesis and catabolism are regulated at transcriptional, translational, and posttranslational level. In this
The Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heyhn. genome contains 45 genes that show substantial sequence similarity to the tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) HIN1 (harpin-induced) gene and the Arabidopsis NDR1 (non-race-specific disease resistance) gene. Of these, the nine ( NHL1 to NHL3, NHL8 to NHL12 and NHL22)
The genome of Arabidopsis thaliana contains five genes (AtPAO1 to AtPAO5) encoding polyamine oxidase (PAO) which is an enzyme responsible for polyamine catabolism. To understand the individual roles of the five AtPAOs, here we characterized their tissue-specific and space-temporal expression. AtPAO1
Thermospermine, a structural isomer of spermine, is synthesized by a thermospermine synthase designated ACAULIS5 (ACL5). Thermospermine-deficient acl5 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana shows severe dwarfism and excessive xylem differentiation. By screening for compounds that affect xylem
Thermospermine is a structural isomer of spermine and is required for stem elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana. We noted the C3C3 arrangement of carbon chains in thermospermine (C3C3C4), which is not present in spermine (C3C4C3), and examined if it is functionally replaced with norspermine (C3C3C3)
Nucleotide variation in the ACL5 gene region, which encodes spermine synthase, was analyzed for 21 Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes and one accession of Arabis gemmifera. In A. thaliana, dimorphism was also detected in the ACL5 region, as in other nuclear genes of this plant. The nucleotide diversity
In the present study we analysed polyamine metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype Columbia) flowers and stalks collected from plants germinated and grown under increasing salt-stress conditions (0-75 mM NaCl). The expression level of the different isoforms of polyamine biosynthetic enzymes was