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In the present study, we examined the effects of acamprosate for its ability to reduce handling induced convulsions (HICs) during alcohol withdrawal. Diazepam was used as a positive control. Swiss Webster male mice received three daily IP injections of alcohol (2.5 g/kg) or alcohol (2.5
We are engaged in a selective breeding program developing lines of mice which differ in severity of withdrawal convulsions after ethanol treatment. Withdrawal seizure prone (WSP) mice show greater handling-induced convulsion scores than withdrawal seizure resistant (WSR) mice after 3 days of ethanol
A 53-year-old African-American man with relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma developed seizures and respiratory arrest 2 hours after an infusion of high-dose etoposide in preparation for an autologous bone marrow transplant. Laboratory tests revealed both rapid hemolysis and severe metabolic acidosis.
The effects of a common industrial solvent, trichloroethylene (TCE), which was once used as an anesthetic agent but its in vivo mechanism is still unknown, on convulsant-induced seizures in mice were examined. Pretreatment with TCE (250-2000 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased pentylenetetrazol
The exposure in humans to ethanol or barbiturates during prenatal or neonatal development is common. There are indications that the magnitude of the resulting symptoms may be genetically determined. In the present article, an animal model was established for the study of the genetic determination of
To investigate alcohol dependency and the potential role of age of initial alcohol consumption, Long-Evans (LE) rats were fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet starting at postnatal (P) ages (days): P23-27 (juvenile), P35-45 (adolescent) or P65-97 (young adult). Severity of subsequent withdrawal
Experiments were carried out in which a nutritionally balanced liquid diet previously used in this laboratory was modified as to total calorie content and high or low carbohydrate and fat concentration. Ethanol was added at 4.5% and 6.2% of diet weight and provided either 27% or 34-37% of total
1,4-Butanediol (1,4-BD) is the dihydroxy precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), a popular recreational drug that has been banned by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and controlled as a federal schedule I drug. 1,4-BD is enzymatically converted in vivo to GHB by alcohol
Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) is readily absorbed from all parts of the gastrointestinal tract due to its hydrophilic potential. The biological effects in humans refer to practically every organ and system. The basic enzyme involved in its oxidation is alcohol dehydrogenase. Another important metabolic
Withdrawal Seizure-Prone (WSP) and -Resistant (WSR) mice have been bidirectionally selected for severity of handling-induced convulsions (HIC) following withdrawal from 72 hr of chronic ethanol vapor inhalation. During selection, daily injections of the alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor, pyrazole,
In mice chronically treated with ethanol (in a liquid diet containing 6% ethanol ad libitum for 2 weeks), brain tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) activity was increased (by 30-45% in whole brain), while brain tyrosine hydroxylase activity remained unchanged. Such chronic ethanol treatment also induced
Introduction. As blood concentration measurement of commonly abused alcohol is readily available, the equation was proposed in previous publication to predict the change of their concentration. The change of ethylene glycol (EG) concentrations was studied in a case of intoxication to estimate
4-Methylpyrazole (4 MP) is a strong inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase. Its use in acute ethylene glycol (EG) or methanol intoxication has been suggested in experimental studies about its efficacy and safety. We report three cases of accidental intoxication with ethylene glycol in man treated orally
Alcohol-based hand sanitizer is a liquid, gel, or foam that contains ethanol or isopropanol used to disinfect hands. Hand hygiene is an important component of the U.S. response to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). If soap and water are not
OBJECTIVE
Methanol poisoning can induce death and disability. Treatment includes the administration of antidotes (ethanol or fomepizole and folic/folinic acid) and consideration of extracorporeal treatment for correction of acidemia and/or enhanced elimination. The Extracorporeal Treatments in