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Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a proinflammatory polypeptide that is able to induce a great diversity of cellular responses via modulating the expression of a number of different genes. One major pathway by which TNF receptors communicate signals from the membrane to the cell nucleus involves
The effects of (human recombinant) tumor necrosis factor-alpha on phosphatidylinositol breakdown, release of 1,2-diacylglycerols, mobilization of arachidonate from diacylglycerol and prostaglandin synthesis were examined in a model osteoblast cell line (MC3T3-E1). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (10 nM)
The tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression has been reported to be largely dependent on the size of adipocytes. We herein investigated the gene regulation of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (DGAT) in order to clarify the mechanism of TNF-alpha expression induced in large adipocytes.
We investigated the implication of diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) alpha (type I isoform) in melanoma cells because we found that this DGK isoform was expressed in several human melanoma cell lines but not in noncancerous melanocytes. Intriguingly, the overexpression of wild-type (WT) DGKalpha, but not
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) are cytokines with pleiotropic biological activities, exerting a broad range of overlapping biological functions. The redundancy of TNF and IL-1 activities may be based on the utilization of shared key components of intracellular signaling
The loss of lipid homeostasis can lead to lipid overload and is associated with a variety of disease states. However, little is known as to how the disruption of lipid regulation or lipid overload affects cell survival. In this study we investigated how excess diacylglycerol (DG), a cardinal
Unopsonised zymosan particles bind to the CD11b/CD18 integrin on human neutrophils (PMN) and are phagocytosed. Binding stimulates the release of leukotriene (LT) B4. The present study examined the effect on this interaction of two agents that 'prime' PMN for augmented responses to a variety of
Sphingomyelin synthase (SMS), the last enzyme in the sphingomyelin (SM) biosynthetic pathway, uses ceramide and phosphatidylcholine as substrates to produce SM and diacylglycerol (DAG). To evaluate the role of SMS in apoptosis, we generated Chinese hamster ovary cells that stably express human SMS1
We assessed effects of overfeeding energy to nonlactating and nonpregnant Holstein cows during a length of time similar to a typical dry period on body lipid storage and the abundance of genes related to insulin signaling, inflammation, and ubiquitination in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in
The expression in human fibroblasts of the beta 2-interferon (IFN-beta 2) gene, which is now recognized to be identical to the gene encoding B-cell differentiation factor BSF-2, is enhanced by several cytokines that affect cell growth (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 1, platelet-derived growth
Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) has been reported to induce potent growth inhibition of committed myeloid progenitor cells, whereas it is a potential growth stimulator of human CD34(+)CD38(-) multipotent haematopoietic cells. The present study was aimed at evaluating the respective role of
Colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) stimulates DNA synthesis in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM); however, unlike BMM, murine resident peritoneal macrophages (RPM) undergo a poor proliferative response. It has previously been shown that phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis is
Recent investigations suggest that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha may utilize the sphingomyelin pathway for signal transduction. Signaling in this system involves hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to ceramide by action of a neutral sphingomyelinase and stimulation of a ceramide-activated protein kinase
Previously, we have shown that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a proinflammatory cytokine, increases the synthesis and release of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoactive peptide from human non-pigmented ciliary epithelial (HNPE) cells, in a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent manner.
The membrane-associated form of the variable surface glycoprotein (mfVSG) from African trypanosomes is a potent macrophage activator capable of inducing production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) in both bovine and murine models. Using a bovine model, we have re-investigated the hypothesis