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Vasogenic edema in Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis: a serial MRI study.

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The authors report serial MRI of a patient with Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis (BBE), disclosing caudal migration of an initial upper midbrain lesion. High apparent diffusion coefficient values imply a vasogenic rather than cytotoxic edema as the cause of the hyperintense signal changes on

Neurogenic pulmonary edema in enterovirus 71 encephalitis is not uniformly fatal but causes severe morbidity in survivors.

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During the Australian summer of 2000/2001, there was an outbreak of enterovirus 71 infection in Sydney. Between December 2000 and May 2001, approximately 200 children presented to Sydney Children's Hospital with hand-foot-and-mouth disease and 18 experienced neurologic complications. Four presented

Human Herpesvirus 6 Associated Encephalitis with Fulminant Brain Edema in a Previously Healthy Child

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Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is an important cause of roseola and febrile seizures in children. However, it is also a rare cause of encephalitis, most common in immunosuppressed children. We describe a case of HHV-6 encephalitis with fulminant brain edema in a previously healthy child. This severe

Clinical characteristics and treatment of severe encephalitis associated with neurogenic pulmonary edema caused by enterovirus 71 in China.

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BACKGROUND Hand-foot-mouth disease has become a major public health issue in children in China. In the present prospective study we investigated the clinical characteristics and emergency management of children with severe encephalitis associated with NPE caused by enterovirus 71. METHODS The study

Analysis of Fulminant Cerebral Edema in Acute Pediatric Encephalitis.

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Acute pediatric encephalitis with fulminant cerebral edema can rapidly become fatal or result in devastating neurological sequelae. All cases coded with the discharge diagnosis of acute encephalitis between January 2000 and December 2010 were reviewed. Of the 1038 children with acute pediatric

Unfractionated heparin after TBI reduces in vivo cerebrovascular inflammation, brain edema and accelerates cognitive recovery.

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Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) may increase the risk of venous thromboembolic complications; however, early prevention with heparinoids is often withheld for its anticoagulant effect. New evidence suggests low molecular weight heparin reduces cerebral edema and improves neurological recovery

Elevated cerebrospinal fluid endothelin 1 associated with neurogenic pulmonary edema in children with enterovirus 71 encephalitis.

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OBJECTIVE Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is a fatal complication in children with enterovirus 71 (EV71) encephalitis. Endothelin 1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, can induce pulmonary edema in rats via intrathecal injections. Thus, it was hypothesized that ET-1 in the central nervous system may

H1N1 encephalitis with malignant edema and review of neurologic complications from influenza.

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BACKGROUND Influenza virus infection of the respiratory tract is associated with a range of neurologic complications. The emergence of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus has been linked to neurological complications, including encephalopathy and encephalitis. METHODS Case report and literature

Differential aquaporin 4 expression during edema build-up and resolution phases of brain inflammation.

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BACKGROUND Vasogenic edema dynamically accumulates in many brain disorders associated with brain inflammation, with the critical step of edema exacerbation feared in patient care. Water entrance through blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening is thought to have a role in edema formation. Nevertheless, the

Survival after pulmonary edema due to enterovirus 71 encephalitis.

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BACKGROUND A distinctive pattern of enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection, characterized by fever, exanthem, acute pulmonary edema (PE), brainstem encephalitis, and flaccid paresis, affects infants and young children. Most die rapidly owing to respiratory failure and fulminant PE. METHODS The authors

Elevation of human leukocyte antigen-G expression is associated with the severe encephalitis associated with neurogenic pulmonary edema caused by Enterovirus 71.

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Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection can develop devastating clinical outcomes such as brain stem encephalitis (BE) and pulmonary edema (PE). Alteration of human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) expression or cytokine production was considered playing important roles in virus-related pathogenesis. However,

Acute Fulminant Cerebral Edema: A Newly Recognized Phenotype in Children With Suspected Encephalitis

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Background: Encephalitis is a severe neurological syndrome associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The California Encephalitis Project (CEP) enrolled patients for more than a decade. A subset of patients with acute and

Pathogenesis of enterovirus 71 brainstem encephalitis in pediatric patients: roles of cytokines and cellular immune activation in patients with pulmonary edema.

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Taiwan experienced several epidemics of enterovirus 71 (EV71) infections, which were associated with brainstem encephalitis (BE) and pulmonary edema (PE). To elucidate the role of immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of BE caused by EV71 and its fatal complication, PE, we analyzed the laboratory

A rapidly fatal case of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis due to acute brain edema and herniation.

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[Hand-foot-mouth disease complicated by brainstem encephalitis and cerebral edema in a neonate].

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