hexanoic acid/inflammation

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Short-Chain Fatty Acids (Except Hexanoic Acid) Lower NF-kB Transactivation, Which Rescues Inflammation-Induced Decreased Apolipoprotein A-I Transcription in HepG2 Cells

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Concentrations of apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) decrease during inflammation, which may lead to dysfunctional ApoA-I-poor high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, and as such, elevate cardiovascular risk. Therefore, rescuing ApoA-I concentrations, especially during inflammation, seems beneficial.

Discovery and biological evaluation of a novel class of dual microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1/5-lipoxygenase inhibitors based on 2-[(4,6-diphenethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)thio]hexanoic acid.

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Various inflammatory diseases are associated with the excessive formation of leukotrienes (LTs) and prostaglandins (PGs). Herein, we present a novel class of dual inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and microsomal prostaglandin E(2) synthase-1 (mPGES-1), key enzymes in the formation of LTs and

Inhibitory effect of quinolone antimicrobial and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on a medium chain acyl-CoA synthetase.

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The inhibitory effects of quinolone antimicrobial agents and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on purified mouse liver mitochondrial medium chain acyl-CoA synthetase catalyzing the first reaction of glycine conjugation were examined, using hexanoic acid as a substrate. Enoxacin, ofloxacin,

Impact of short- and medium-chain fatty acids on mitochondrial function in severe inflammation.

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BACKGROUND Sepsis is a severe inflammatory disorder with a high mortality in intensive care units mostly due to multiorgan failure. Mitochondrial dysfunction is regarded as a key factor involved in the pathogenesis of septic disorders, leading to a decline in energy supply. The aim of the present

Ophiopogonin D and EETs ameliorate Ang II-induced inflammatory responses via activating PPARα in HUVECs.

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CYP2J2 is highly expressed in cardiovascular tissue including the heart and vascular endothelial cells. CYP2J2 and the EETs have been shown owning diverse biological effects. Our previous study found that ophiopogonin D (OP-D) suppressed drug-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by upregulating

Scalable synthesis of the unusual amino acid segment (ADMOA unit) of marine anti-inflammatory peptide: solomonamide A.

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The most abundantly available hexose sugar, d-glucose has been converted to protected 4-amino(2'amino-4'-hydroxy phenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-methyl-6-oxo hexanoic acid (protected ADMOA, 3), the unusual amino acid present in marine natural product solomonamide A in gram quantities involving easy to

A straightforward LC-MS/MS analysis to study serum profile of short and medium chain fatty acids

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Short and medium fatty acids derived from either dietary sources, gut microbiota, and liver production might play a role in the modulation of metabolism and inflammation. The outcome of different autoimmune or inflammatory diseases could be related to microbiota composition and consequently fatty

Molecular modelling, synthesis, and biological evaluations of a 3,5-disubstituted isoxazole fatty acid analogue as a PPARα-selective agonist.

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The peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are important drug targets in treatment of metabolic and inflammatory disorders. Fibrates, acting as PPARα agonists, have been widely used lipid-lowering agents for decades. However, the currently available PPARα targeting agents show low

A high throughput fluorogenic substrate for stromelysin (MMP-3).

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Stromelysin, a member of the matrix metalloproteinase family of enzymes, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of tumor metastasis and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. To screen prospective inhibitors of this protease, we developed a fluorogenic substrate with excitation and

Suppression of S-antigen-induced experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in Lewis rats by oral administration with CGS-13080, a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor.

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Oral administration of CGS-13080 [imidazo (1, 5-alpha) pyridine-5-hexanoic acid], a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, has been reported to cause a marked reduction in serum thromboxane B2 concentration in humans and animals. Since thromboxane metabolites play an important role in ocular

Identification of 2-mercaptohexanoic acids as dual inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase and microsomal prostaglandin E₂ synthase-1.

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5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) and microsomal prostaglandin E₂ synthase (mPGES)-1 are key enzymes in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes and prostaglandin (PG)E₂, respectively, and are considered as valuable targets for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Here, we present the identification of

Detection of protein oxidation in endothelial cells by fluorescently labelled tyramine.

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BACKGROUND Endothelial cell injury mediated by activated polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) occurs during inflammation or reperfusion after brain ischemia. Protein oxidation caused by activated PMN may lead to functional disturbances, degeneration and death of the endothelial cells. The aim of this

Acrolein induces vasodilatation of rodent mesenteric bed via an EDHF-dependent mechanism.

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Acrolein is generated endogenously during lipid peroxidation and inflammation and is an environmental pollutant. Protein adducts of acrolein are detected in atherosclerotic plaques and neurons of patients with Alzheimer's disease. To understand vascular effects of acrolein exposure, we studied

SAR-studies of γ-secretase modulators with PPARγ-agonistic and 5-lipoxygenase-inhibitory activity for Alzheimer's disease.

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We present the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of compounds containing a 2-(benzylidene)hexanoic acid scaffold as multi-target directed γ-secretase-modulators. Broad structural variations were undertaken to elucidate the structure-activity-relationships at the 5-position of the aromatic

Structure optimization of a new class of PPARγ antagonists.

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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) modulators have found wide application for the treatment of cancers, metabolic disorders and inflammatory diseases. Contrary to PPARγ agonists, PPARγ antagonists have been much less studied and although they have shown immunomodulatory

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