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Caspase inhibitor zVAD.fmk reduces infarct size after myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion in rats but not in mice.

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OBJECTIVE Apoptosis of cardiomyocytes has been suggested to contribute to outcome following myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion (MI/R). Caspase inhibitors were developed as potential therapeutics for MI/R. However, various reports using the broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor

Design and synthesis of nitrate esters of aromatic heterocyclic compounds as pharmacological preconditioning agents.

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Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) constitutes an endogenous protective mechanism in which one or more brief periods of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion render the myocardium resistant to a subsequent more-sustained ischemic insult. Pharmacological preconditioning represents an ideal alternative of

Synthetic Ruthenium Complex TQ-6 Potently Recovers Cerebral Ischemic Stroke: Attenuation of Microglia and Platelet Activation.

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Activated microglia are crucial in the regulation of neuronal homeostasis and neuroinflammation. They also contribute to neuropathological processes after ischemic stroke. Thus, finding new approaches for reducing neuroinflammation has gained considerable attention. The metal ruthenium has gained

A small dose of apomorphine counteracts the deleterious effects of middle cerebral artery occlusion in different models.

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The present manuscript investigates in two animal species by using two different experimental models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (permanent and transient), the neuroprotective effects of the dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine. These effects were evaluated by measuring the infarct volume

Inhibitors targeting hepatocyte growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases.

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Amgen disclosed a series of 4-heteroaryloxy quinoline/quinazoline compounds as multiple kinase inhibitors, including hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor tyrosine kinase. These compounds are stated to have wide

Involvement of mitogen activated kinase kinase 7 intracellular signalling pathway in Sunitinib-induced cardiotoxicity.

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The tyrosine kinase inhibitor Sunitinib is used to treat cancer and is linked to severe adverse cardiovascular events. Mitogen activated kinase kinase 7 (MKK7) is involved in the development of cardiac injury and is a component of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signal transduction pathway.

Non-peptide antagonists and agonists of the bradykinin B(2) receptor.

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Stimulation of the bradykinin (BK) B(2) receptor by kinins is associated with pathophysiological as well as pronounced beneficial effects. Consequently, interference with BK B(2) receptors by either antagonism or agonism offers promising therapeutic approaches for the development of drugs for the

Specific caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPh prevents neonatal stroke in P7 rat: a role for gender.

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Hypoxia-ischaemia in the developing brain results in brain injury with prominent features of apoptosis. In the present study, a third generation dipeptidyl broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, quinoline-Val-Asp(Ome)-CH2-O-phenoxy (Q-VD-OPh), was tested in a model of unilateral focal ischaemia with

Sex differences in the response to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 deletion and caspase inhibition after stroke.

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OBJECTIVE Emerging data suggest that the molecular cell death pathways triggered by ischemic insults differ in the male and female brain. Cell death in males is initiated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) activation; however, manipulation of this pathway paradoxically increases ischemic

Apoptosis-inducing factor is a major contributor to neuronal loss induced by neonatal cerebral hypoxia-ischemia.

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Nine-day-old harlequin (Hq) mice carrying the hypomorphic apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF)(Hq) mutation expressed 60% less AIF, 18% less respiratory chain complex I and 30% less catalase than their wild-type (Wt) littermates. Compared with Wt, the infarct volume after hypoxia-ischemia (HI) was

Sex differences in caspase activation after stroke.

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OBJECTIVE Over the past 5 years, experimental data have emerged that ischemia-induced cell death pathways may differ in males and females. Cell death in males is triggered by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation and nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor. We have previously shown that

Sex-dependent effects of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor activity on outcome after ischemic stroke.

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OBJECTIVE Experimental studies indicate that estrogen typically, but not universally, has a neuroprotective effect in stroke. Ischemic stroke increases membrane-bound G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) distribution and expression in the brain of male but not female mice. We hypothesized that

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