Dietary Sugars Found In Breast Milk
Maneno muhimu
Kikemikali
Maelezo
One of the most highly effective preventive measures a mother can make in protecting the health of her infant and herself is to breastfeed. Despite extensive research on breast-milk, limited information beyond basic micro/macronutrient composition currently exists in the literature. Breast-milk is a complex, non-uniform biological substance. In prior studies the PI has shown significant associations be-tween non-nutritive constituents in breast-milk (e.g. IL-6, TNF-α, insulin, leptin) and body composition in infants starting at 4wks of age. The putative causal influence of breastfeeding reducing obesity is mixed with no clear probative evidence showing causal pathways. Despite many studies in this area, there are no detailed studies that have examined the potential modifying role of maternal diet, especially one high in sugars on the compositional makeup of the three largest breast-milk sugars (glucose, galactose and lactose) with none to date looking at fructose. Animal models have demonstrated that the obesogenic effect of maternal fructose consumption is transmitted to offspring via breast-milk with fructose-fed lactating dams producing offspring with double fasting insulin levels compared to control pups. This is relevant in humans because of the increase in dietary sugar consumption that has occurred in the population.
A mother/infant cohort (n=37) has been established with detailed infant phenotypic body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and detailed breast-milk analysis (insulin, leptin, IL-6, TNF-α but no milk sugars other than glucose) in exclusively breast feeding mothers varying widely in BMI (19 to 44 kg/m2). Sampling of breast-milk and infant body composition occurred at both 4 and 24wks. As a proof of concept, fructose was detected in breast-milk from 9 of these mothers which was significantly related to infant body fat, which is a novel finding to date and has never been reported in the literature. Building upon this prior work this study will determine the concentration and pharmacokinetics of breast-milk sugars after a test beverage is consumed.
Tarehe
| Imethibitishwa Mwisho: | 12/31/2016 |
| Iliyowasilishwa Kwanza: | 10/13/2016 |
| Uandikishaji uliokadiriwa Uliwasilishwa: | 10/18/2016 |
| Iliyotumwa Kwanza: | 10/20/2016 |
| Sasisho la Mwisho Liliwasilishwa: | 01/22/2017 |
| Sasisho la Mwisho Lilichapishwa: | 01/23/2017 |
| Tarehe halisi ya kuanza kwa masomo: | 03/31/2016 |
| Tarehe ya Kukamilisha Msingi iliyokadiriwa: | 05/31/2016 |
| Tarehe ya Kukamilisha Utafiti: | 11/30/2016 |
Hali au ugonjwa
Uingiliaji / matibabu
Other: Coke
Other: Diet Rite
Awamu
Vikundi vya Arm
| Mkono | Uingiliaji / matibabu |
|---|---|
| Experimental: Coke cola Exclusively lactating mothers with infants between 4-6 weeks were investigated. Lactating mothers will be consume a 20 ounce bottle of coke cola. | |
| Experimental: Diet Rite Exclusively lactating mothers with infants between 4-6 weeks were asked to consume a 12 ounce bottle of diet rite. |
Vigezo vya Kustahiki
| Zama zinazostahiki Kujifunza | 18 Years Kwa 18 Years |
| Jinsia Inastahiki Kujifunza | Female |
| Hupokea Wajitolea wa Afya | Ndio |
| Vigezo | Inclusion Criteria: - Exclusively lactating mothers - Mothers must be 3 weeks to 6 weeks postpartum Exclusion Criteria: - Smoked during pregnancy or are currently smoking - Unable to provide breast milk samples using a breast pump |
Matokeo
Hatua za Matokeo ya Msingi
1. Fructose in breast milk will be measured in human breast milk at one month. [One month]
2. The change in fructose in breast milk from one to six months. [Six months]
Hatua za Matokeo ya Sekondari
1. Breast milk fructose will be measured after the ingestion of a regular 20 ounce bottle of coke and a 12 ounce can of diet rite. [6 hours.]
