Appetite Regulation by a Breakfast Soft Bread
Maneno muhimu
Kikemikali
Maelezo
A total of 30 healthy adults (17 males and 13 females) ranging from 19 to 32 years old (mean age 25 ± 1), with a body mass index (BMI) ranging from 19.2 to 28.5 (mean BMI 23.3 ± 0.5) (normal to moderately overweight) participated in this study. To avoid the risk of reaching false conclusions, psychometric validations of food restrictions were determined for all subjects using the revised version of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire.
This study was carried out according to EFSA requirements [Blundell et al., 2010]. The subjects were instructed to refrain from alcohol and/or from performing difficult physical activities 48 h prior to each test day. The evening before the test day, the subjects consumed a standardised dinner supplied by the study team. The meal consisted of pizza and pineapple juice (800 kcal: protein 18%E, fat 22%E and carbohydrate 60%E). The subjects were instructed to not eat or drink anything other than half a litre of water after the dinner.
After 20 min of resting, on the first day of intervention, anthropometric measurements (weight, height and waist circumference) were collected on subjects wearing only underwear and after emptying their bladder. On each day of the study, a fasting blood sample was acquired after the resting time, and appetites were assessed with a visual analogue scale (VAS).
The subjects were instructed to consume the tested breakfast (the soft roll bread or the control bread plus jam and margarine) within 10 min and were allowed to drink 150 ml of water. The subjects immediately completed two VASs, one on meal palatability and another on appetite feelings. In addition, the appetite feeling VAS was repeated every 30 min until a total of 4 h had passed.
The subjects were not allowed to eat or drink anything else during the 4 h of the intervention. They were allowed to read, study, talk or listen to quiet music, but they were not allowed to sleep. After the last blood extraction (4 h), an ad libitum lunch consisting of a standardised spaghetti Bolognese (17%E protein, 34%E fat and 49%E carbohydrate) and water (300 ml) was provided. The subjects were instructed to eat until comfortably satisfied. Food intake was registered by differences in spaghetti weight before and after lunch, and the energy intake was calculated afterwards. After the ad libitum lunch, the subjects completed two VASs, one on meal palatability and another on appetite feelings. The participants completed a 48-h dietary survey diary, including the food intake during the day before and the day of the intervention.
Tarehe
| Imethibitishwa Mwisho: | 02/28/2014 |
| Iliyowasilishwa Kwanza: | 03/06/2014 |
| Uandikishaji uliokadiriwa Uliwasilishwa: | 03/13/2014 |
| Iliyotumwa Kwanza: | 03/17/2014 |
| Sasisho la Mwisho Liliwasilishwa: | 03/13/2014 |
| Sasisho la Mwisho Lilichapishwa: | 03/17/2014 |
| Tarehe halisi ya kuanza kwa masomo: | 09/30/2012 |
| Tarehe ya Kukamilisha Msingi iliyokadiriwa: | 12/31/2012 |
| Tarehe ya Kukamilisha Utafiti: | 08/31/2013 |
Hali au ugonjwa
Uingiliaji / matibabu
Dietary Supplement: Puravita Breakfast
Dietary Supplement: Control breakfast
Awamu
Vikundi vya Arm
| Mkono | Uingiliaji / matibabu |
|---|---|
| Experimental: Puravita Breakfast Puravita Breakfast is a high protein and high fiber soft bread that contains 22% fruit (figs, apricots, raisins and prunes), a selection of cereals: wheat, oat and spelt and no added sugar. | Dietary Supplement: Puravita Breakfast The study was done in duplicate i.e two different days each meal (control and experimental) separated at least one week in time. Subjects were instructed to consume the test meal within 10 min from commencement. They subsequently completed VAS on appetite sensation every 30 min until a total of 4 hours. At the end of the test day, an ad libitum lunch consisting of a standardized pizza (17E% protein, 34E% fat and 49E% carbohydrate) and water (300 ml) was served. The subjects were instructed to eat until comfortably satisfied. Food intake was registered and energy intake (EI) calculated afterwards. |
| Placebo Comparator: Control breakfast White bread (85g) with jam (10g) and margarine (2g) adjusted for energy, fat, and sugar levels and for energy density. | Dietary Supplement: Control breakfast The control breakfast consisted of white bread (85 g), jam (10 g) and margarine (2 g) to adjust for energy density, fat and sugar levels. |
Vigezo vya Kustahiki
| Zama zinazostahiki Kujifunza | 18 Years Kwa 18 Years |
| Jinsia Inastahiki Kujifunza | All |
| Hupokea Wajitolea wa Afya | Ndio |
| Vigezo | Inclusion criteria: - Body mass index (BMI) ranging 18 and 29 (normal and moderate overweight). - Low level of food restriction - Daily breakfast consumption - Daily bread consumption - Practising standard physical activity Exclusion criteria: - Age lower than 18 or higher than 45 - BMI lower than 18 and higher than 29 - Smokers - Pregnant or lactating - Infrequent breakfast consumption Unusual bread consumption Unusual fiber intake Plasma glucose higher than 110 mg/dl Blood insulin levels higher than 10 mU/ml Blood pressure higher than 110 mmHg The use of any medication for the control of blood pressure or glucose or lipid metabolism Suffering any metabolic disorder, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract The presence of familiar dislipemias relatives of genetic character The denial to take part in the study The use of any nutritional supplement in the last 3 months Practising endurance sports. Sesame allergies Gluten intolerance/allergy |
Matokeo
Hatua za Matokeo ya Msingi
1. MEASUREMENT OF POSTPRANDIAL APPETITE RATINGS CHANGES [0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 210 and 240 min after intervention]
Hatua za Matokeo ya Sekondari
1. Determination of postprandial glycaemia, insulinaemmia and physiological markers of satiation and satiety [0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 210 and 240 min after intervention]
