stage-based lifestyle modification intervention and fish oil supplement (omega-3). Stage-based Lifestyle Modification consists of several activities that include nutrition counselling, aerobic sessions, a hands-on activity 'Let's Play' and 'Sharing is Caring' Participants in the intervention group were also given fish oil capsules containing n-3 LCPUFA (DHA and EPA) for a duration of 16 weeks. The participants were required to consume two fish oil capsules, providing 1320 mg n-3 LCPUFA (792 mg EPA, 20:5n-3 and 528 mg DHA, 22:6n-3), and 6 IU vitamin E (D-alpha tocopherol) daily. The EPA and DHA ratio was 1.5:1.

Only received Stage-based Lifestyle Modification consists of several activities that include nutrition counselling, aerobic sessions, a hands-on activity 'Let's Play' and 'Sharing is Caring'

Life Style Modification

Childhood Obesity

Omega 3

stage-based lifestyle modification intervention

Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation on Nutritional Status and Physical Activity of Obese Children

Effects of Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (N-3 LCPUFA) Supplementation on Body Composition, Biochemical Profile, Diet and Physical Activity of Obese Children

Height and weight were measured to calculate BMI-for-age

Participants with abdominal obesity were determined based on the 90th percentile values for WC for sex and age

A fibreglass tape (measuring tape SECA 201 SECA Vogel and Halke Gmbh & Co., Germany) was used to measure MAC at non-vascular access sites of participants. Participants were required to stand in an erect position with the upper arm approximately parallel to the body and their forearms placed palm down across the middle of the body with the elbow bent to 90 degrees. The midpoint of the tip of the acromion process and the olecranon process was marked. The middle of the arm perpendicular to the long axis of the divisional was measured using a fibreglass tape. The measurement was recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm. The following formula was used to calculate MUAMC.
Mid-Upper Arm Muscle Circumference

A trained nurse and lab assistant performed blood drawing in the Haematology Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Five ml blood samples were collected three times; baseline, week 16 and week 24. All participants were required to fast overnight (10 to 12 hours), except for one to two glasses of plain water before the blood draw session. A fasting blood sample was collected from a peripheral vein of the arm for lipid profile, FBG, insulin, hs-CRP and ferritin analysis.

Fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin and homeostasis model assessment insulin-A trained nurse and lab assistant performed blood drawing in the Haematology Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Five ml blood samples were collected three times; baseline, week 16 and week 24. All participants were required to fast overnight (10 to 12 hours), except for one to two glasses of plain water before the blood draw session. A fasting blood sample was collected from a peripheral vein of the arm for lipid profile, FBG, insulin, hs-CRP and ferritin analysis.

HOMA-IR index, as a measure of insulin resistance, was calculated as [fasting insulin (μU/mL)]X[fasting glucose (mmol/L)]/22.5

Plasma lipid extraction process was carried out based on the principle of the Folch Method. For analysis of fatty acids' on the same day with the preparation of FAME, a total of 500 μl of hexane was added to the FAME and it was dried and analysed using gas chromatography (GC) 6890N (Network GC System).

Plasma levels of adiponectin were determined using a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (ALPCO Diagnostics, Salem, NH) (ADIPOA).

Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C)

Nor Baizura Md. Yusop

Senior Lecturer

Universiti Putra Malaysia

A parallel study is a type of clinical study where two groups of treatments. The intervention group (IG) received stage-based lifestyle modification intervention and fish oil supplement, while the control group (CG) received stage-based lifestyle modification intervention only.

After the parents/caregivers completed the consent form, the participants were age matched and randomized using a permuted block method, with a block size of four, into either IG or CG. To guarantee allocation concealment, we had the recommendation the randomization carried out by an independent third party.

d alpha tocopherol/kunona

Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation on Nutritional Status and Physical Activity of Obese Children

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