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A pea vicilin promoter-diphtheria toxin A (DTx-A) chain gene fusion was introduced into Arabidopsis and tobacco. The chimeric Dtx-A gene behaves as a dominant, seed-lethal, Mendelian factor, and the segregation ratios are consistent with the numbers of integrated copies as revealed by Southern
We previously showed that a 383 bp (-274 to approximately +109) promoter of a pollen-specific gene, GBAN215-6, had a property of a late gene in pollen development in transgenic tobacco plants. It drove GUS gene expression from uninucleate microspores to pollen tube growth of trinucleated cells. To
Lumbosacral spina bifida is a common debilitating birth defect whose multiple causes are poorly understood. Here, we provide the first genetic delineation of cholinergic nicotinic receptor alpha7 (Chrna7) expression and link the ablation of the Chrna7 cell lineage to this condition in the mouse.
Anti-nicotine vaccines may aid smoking cessation via the induction of anti-nicotine antibodies (Ab) which reduce nicotine entering the brain, and hence the associated reward. Ab function depends on both the quantity (titer) and the quality (affinity) of the Ab. Anti-nicotine vaccines tested
Anti-nicotine vaccines aim to prevent nicotine entering the brain, and thus reduce or eliminate the reward that drives nicotine addiction. Those tested in humans to date have failed to improve quit rates over placebo, possibly because antibody (Ab) responses were insufficient to sequester enough
Smoking remains one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. One approach to assisting smoking cessation is via anti-nicotine vaccines, composed of nicotine-like haptens conjugated to a carrier protein plus adjuvant(s). We have previously shown that the carrier, hapten, linker,
We have characterized the promoter specificity of the Arabidopsis thaliana alpha 1-tubulin (alpha 1-tub) gene by studying expression patterns of gene fusions between the 2.2 kbp 5' upstream region of the alpha 1-tub gene and each of three different reporters: chloramphenical acetyltransferase,
Flowerless trait is highly desirable for poplar because it can prevent pollen- and seed-mediated transgene flow. We have isolated the second intron of PTAG2, an AGAMOUS (AG) orthologue from Populus trichocarpa. By fusing this intron sequence to a minimal 35S promoter sequence, we created two
Tobacco smoking is one of the most preventable causes of morbidity and mortality, but current smoking cessation treatments have relatively poor long term efficacy. Anti-nicotine vaccines offer a novel mechanism of action whereby anti-nicotine antibodies (Ab) in circulation prevent nicotine from
Anti-nicotine vaccines comprise nicotine-like haptens conjugated to a carrier protein plus adjuvant(s). Unfortunately, those tested clinically have failed to improve overall long term quit rates. We had shown in mice that carrier, hapten, linker, hapten load (number of haptens per carrier molecule),
Alterations of the host response by tobacco smoke adversely affect the periodontium. In this study, we examined the effects of in vitro acute smoke exposure on changes in m-RNA expression of primary peripheral mononuclear blood cells through microarray analysis. Mononuclear blood cells were isolated
DNA coding for the enzymatically active subunit A of diphtheria toxin was placed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and the Agrobacterium left transfer-DNA gene 7 polyadenylation signal. Agrobacteria carrying a binary plant vector with the chimeric diphtheria toxin A gene
The S-locus glycoprotein gene of Brassica is derived from the genetic locus that controls the self-incompatibility response and the specific recognition between pollen and stigma. The promoter of this gene was used to direct expression of the diphtheria toxin A chain gene and the Escherichia coli
Flowering is triggered by the transmission of a mobile protein, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), from leaves to the shoot apex. FT originates in the phloem of leaf veins. However, the identity of the FT-synthesizing cells in the phloem is not known. As a result, it has not been possible to determine whether
Two models have been proposed to explain the coordinated development of the four whorls of floral organs. The spatial model predicts that positional information defines the four whorls simultaneously, and that individual organs develop independently of surrounding tissues. The sequential model