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Our previous study has reported that ginsenoside-Rd significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators in carrageenan (Carr)-induced rat paw edema, which might be due to its blocking of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. The aim of the present study was
Ischemic stroke damages the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which leads to brain edema and increases the risk of intracranial hemorrhage. Proteasome inhibition has been found to protect the BBB against cerebral ischemia by suppressing neuroinflammation-mediated matrix metalloproteases-9 (MMP-9)
Microbial transformation of ginsenosides to increase its pharmaceutical effect is gaining increasing attention in recent years. In this study, Cellulosimicrobium sp. TH-20, which was isolated from soil samples on which ginseng grown, exhibited effective ginsenoside-transforming activity. After