4 matokeo
Improvement in the biomedical and biotechnological research fields have allowed refinement of the neuromodulation approach in the treatment of a subgroup of medical disorders otherwise refractory to pharmacological treatment, such as chronic primary headaches. Chronic pain conditions imply central
Correct diagnosis is the key to managing facial pain of non-dental origin. Acute and chronic facial pain must be differentiated and it is widely accepted that chronic pain refers to pain of 3 months or greater duration. Differentiating the many causes of facial pain can be difficult for busy
Dental pain is the most common acute pain presenting in the orofacial region; however, chronic pain conditions are also frequent and include; temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs), primary headaches (neurovascular pain), painful post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy (PPTTN) and less commonly
Hemicrania continua and paroxysmal hemicrania are considered different headaches belonging to a group of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. However, they share many clinical features. Both headaches also show complete response to indomethacin, which is a mandatory criterion for their