Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is performed in left lateral position in this group.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is performed in prone position in this group.

Choledocholithiasis

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is started using conventional duodenoscope (TJF 240 or 260V, Olympus Optical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) in randomly assigned left lateral position or prone position.
Selective bile duct cannulation is performed using wire-guided cannulation.
In case of difficult cannulation, precut is performed using a needle-knife.
After selective cannulation, cholangiogram is obtained using ERCP catheter, and endoscopic sphincterotomy and/or endoscopic papillary balloon dilation is performed.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine

Left Lateral Position and Prone Position for Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

A Prospective, Randomized Study Comparing Efficacy and Safety Between Left Lateral Position and Prone Position for Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital

Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia

Confocal laser endomicroscopy was applied at suspected lesion and normal mucosa followed by biopsy for pathology.

Confocol laser endomicroscopy

Rapat Pittayanon

Magnified Intelligence Chromoendoscopy Plus Probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy for Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia Diagnosis

If GIM can be detected properly, early gastric cancer(EGC) will be in early recognition. EGC can be cured by endoscopic resection and then the mortality rate from gastric cancer will be decrease.

Rapat Pittayanon, MD

Principle investigator

King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital

Somatostatin (Somatosan, BAG Health Care GmbH, Lich, Germany) was given by intravenous bolus (250 μg) followed by 250 μg/hour and continued for 3 days in group S.

Terlipressin (Glypressin, Ferring GmbH, Kiel, Germany) was started at 2mg bolus injection and followed by 1 mg infusion every 6 hours for 3 days in group T.

Vasoconstrictor Choice on Acute Variceal Bleeding

A decision to use vasoactive drugs (either somatostatin or terlipressin) depended on the favorite of participating attending physicians who were requested to fill out the enclosed questionnaires immediately after the administration of the first dose for further understanding the underlying reason of the chosen medication.

Somatostatin

Terlipressin

Both study groups were administered with 40mg pantoprazole intravenously after EVL for 3 days, and following oral form for 12 days to hasten the process of healing of ulcers induced by ligation.

Pantoprazole

Two experienced endoscopists performed emergent EVL for the enrolled patients with acute EVB. Pneumoactive ligation device (Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) and endoscopes (GIF XQ260; Olympus Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) were applied. The targeted varix was suctioned and entrapped by a cap on endoscope. Ligation was aimed at active bleeding sites, red color spots or white nipple signs during the procedure.

Endoscopic variceal ligation

Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine

Vasoactive Drugs in Real World Practice

Short-course Somatostatin Versus Terlipressin Infusion in Combination With Endoscopic Variceal Ligation for the Prevention of Early Esophageal Variceal Rebleeding

Early rebleeding was defined as variceal hemorrhage occurs from day 3 till day 42 after initial bleeding arrest. An episode of clinically significant bleeding is being defined by blood transfusion > 2 units of packed red blood cells.

Very early rebleeding was defined as when acute variceal bleeding occurred from 48 to 120 hours after having controlled of initial acute hemorrhage. An episode of clinically significant bleeding is being defined by blood transfusion > 2 units of packed red blood cells.

Incidence rate of all-cause deaths is documented.

Adverse effects associated with vasoactive agents and endoscopic variceal ligation (> grade I by CTCAE v4.0)

Huay-Min Wang

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital.

Addiction

Prevalence of New Psychoactive Substances Use

Prevalence of New Psychoactive Substances Use Among Outpatient of Addiction Management Clinic in Assiut University Hospital

All participant will subjected to the following:
Special sheet designed for the study in department of neurology and psychiatry at Assiut University hospital asking about spychoactive substance use regarding to type, amount, duration,cause of use, and cause for stoppage.
Addiction severity index Urinary drug screen

white/hyoscine

Left Lateral Position and Prone Position for Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

Magnified Intelligence Chromoendoscopy Plus Probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy for Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia Diagnosis

Vasoactive Drugs in Real World Practice

Prevalence of New Psychoactive Substances Use

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