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Modularity of Conifer Diterpene Resin Acid Biosynthesis: P450 Enzymes of Different CYP720B Clades Use Alternative Substrates and Converge on the Same Products.

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Cytochrome P450 enzymes of the CYP720B subfamily play a central role in the biosynthesis of diterpene resin acids (DRAs), which are a major component of the conifer oleoresin defense system. CYP720Bs exist in families of up to a dozen different members in conifer genomes and fall into four different

Contrasting Patterns of Diterpene Acid Induction by Red Pine and White Spruce to Simulated Bark Beetle Attack, and Interspecific Differences in Sensitivity Among Fungal Associates.

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Conifers possess a suite of physiochemical defenses that protect their subcortical tissues from bark beetle - fungal complexes. These defenses include rapid induction of terpenoids and phenolics at the site of attack. Studies of the distribution, induction, and bioactivity of conifer terpenoids have

Diterpene resin acid biosynthesis in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda): functional characterization of abietadiene/levopimaradiene synthase (PtTPS-LAS) cDNA and subcellular targeting of PtTPS-LAS and abietadienol/abietadienal oxidase (PtAO, CYP720B1).

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Diterpene resin acids are prominent defense compounds against insect pests and pathogens in conifers. Biochemical and molecular analyses in grand fir (Abies grandis), Norway spruce (Picea abies), and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) have identified two classes of genes and enzymes that generate much of

Potential antitumor-promoting diterpenes from the cones of Pinus luchuensis.

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A new nor-labdane-type diterpene, 15-nor-labda-8(17),12E-dien-13,19-dienoic acid (1), along with five known diterpenes, 15-nor-14-oxolabda-8(17),12E-dien-19-oic acid (2), trans-communic acid (3), sandaracopimaric acid (4), dehydroabietic acid (5), and abieta-8,11,13-triene-15,18-diol (6), was

Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activities of Pinus tropicalis and Pinus elliottii Resins and of the Diterpene Dehydroabietic Acid Against Bacteria That Cause Dental Caries.

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Considering the impact of dental caries on public health and the wide biological potential described for species belonging to the genus Pinus, here we investigate the antibacterial activity of the P. elliottii and P. tropicalis resins and of the diterpene dehydroabietic acid

Evolution of conifer diterpene synthases: diterpene resin acid biosynthesis in lodgepole pine and jack pine involves monofunctional and bifunctional diterpene synthases.

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Diterpene resin acids (DRAs) are major components of pine (Pinus spp.) oleoresin. They play critical roles in conifer defense against insects and pathogens and as a renewable resource for industrial bioproducts. The core structures of DRAs are formed in secondary (i.e. specialized) metabolism via

Inhibition of platelet aggregation by diterpene acids from Pinus massoniana resin.

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The acidic fraction of the resin of Pinus massoniana Lamb. from China was converted to the p-nitrophenyl esters, and the esters separated by chromatography. The separated p-nitrophenyl esters were individually hydrolysed by potassium hydroxide in acetone-water at room temperature to 8 diterpene

[Studies on diterpenes in needles of Pinus sylvestris].

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OBJECTIVE To research the constituents in needles of Pinus sylvestris. METHODS Repeated column chromatography and preparation HPLC are used for compound isolation, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data analysis. RESULTS Six compounds, pinifolic acid (1), 15-oxo-8 (17)

Isolation, X-ray crystal structure of the new diterpene and identification of others lignans and flavonoids from the fresh needles of Pinus massoniana.

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Three new compounds, namely massonside C (1), massonianoside F (2), and 3, 8-dimethyl- herbacetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), together with five known compounds (4-8), were isolated from the fresh needles of Pinus massoniana. Their structures were

Cloning and expression of a CYP720B orthologue involved in the biosynthesis of diterpene resin acids in Pinus brutia.

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Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases mediate a broad range of oxidative reactions involved in the biosynthesis of both primary and secondary metabolites in plants. Until now, only two P450 genes, CYP720B1 from Pinus taeda and CYP720B4 from Picea sitchensis, have been functionally characterised and

1 H and 13 C NMR spectral assignments of abietane diterpenes from Pinus heldreichii and Pinus nigra subsp. nigra.

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Supercritical CO2 extract from needles of Pinus nigra ssp. laricio: combined analysis by GC, GC-MS and 13C NMR.

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The chemical composition of the volatile concentrate prepared by supercritical CO(2) extraction of the needles of Pinus nigra Arnold ssp. laricio Poiret from Corsica was investigated using GC (RI), GC-MS and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The major component was by far manoyl oxide (63%), a compound of

The chemical feeding ecology ofNeodiprion dubiosus schedl,N. rugifrons midd., andN. lecontei (Fitch) on jack pine (Pinus banksiana lamb.).

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Two monophagous sawflies,Neodiprion dubiosus andN. rugifrons, actively avoid feeding on the current season's needles of jack pine,Pinus banksiana, while the polyphagousN. lecontei feeds indiscriminately on foliage of all age classes. Bioassay studies with needle extracts indicate thatN. dubiosus

Changes in the essential oil composition in the needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) under anthropogenic stress.

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Unfavorable anthropogenic factors, such as air pollution, lead to biochemical responses in trees. Changes in the amounts of secondary metabolites may be early indicators of invisible injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate composition of the essential oils in the needles of Scots pine (Pinus

2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO) synthase expression in Nostoc punctiforme leads to over production of phytols.

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Phytol is a diterpene alcohol of medicinal importance and it also has potential to be used as biofuel. We found over production of phytol in Nostoc punctiforme by expressing a 2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO) synthase gene. MBO synthase catalyzes the conversion of dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) into

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