gamma butyrolactone/kusma

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Clinical features of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and gamma-butyrolactone toxicity and concomitant drug and alcohol use.

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OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical features of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) toxicity. METHODS Retrospective case-study of 65 GHB and GBL intoxications seen in an urban emergency department. RESULTS 63% of intoxications occurred in male patients. The median age was 24

Safety of withholding intubation in gamma-hydroxybutyrate and gamma-butyrolactone-intoxicated coma patients in the emergency department.

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The objective of this study was to determine if supportive care without endotracheal intubation in the emergency department (ED) was safe in the absence of complications in gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)/gammabutyrolactone (GBL) intoxicated patients with a decreased Glasgow Coma Scale

Determination of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in biological specimens by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry.

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A simple liquid-liquid extraction procedure for the analysis of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in biological fluids without conversion to its lactone, gamma-butyrolactone, is described. Following derivatization to its di-TMS derivative, GHB was detected using gas chromatography-electron impact mass

The alpha-naphthoxyacetic acid-elicited retching involves dopaminergic inhibition in mice.

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Alpha-naphthoxyacetic acid (alpha-NOAA), one of the jumping-inducers, elicited a dose-dependent retching behavior at doses ranging from 250 to 550 mg/kg in mice and vomiting at a dose of 550 mg/kg in pigeons. Protoveratrine-A (PV-A, 0.1 mg/kg), a veratrum alkaloid, also induced retching in mice and

Adverse events, including death, associated with the use of 1,4-butanediol.

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BACKGROUND 1,4-Butanediol is an industrial solvent that, when ingested, is converted to gamma-hydroxybutyrate, a drug of abuse with depressant effects, primarily on the central nervous system. After reports of toxic effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and its resultant regulation by the federal

Pharmacological profiles of the putative dopamine autoreceptor agonists 3-PPP and TL-99.

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The putative dopamine (DA) autoreceptor agonists, N-n-propyl-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-piperidine (3-PPP) and 6, 7-dihydroxy-2-dimethylaminotetralin (TL-99) were compared with apomorphine in a series of tests indicative of DA receptor activation. All three agents displaced [3H] apomorphine and [3H]

γ-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) - Effects on Human Performance and Behavior.

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γ-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a powerful central nervous system (CNS) depressant which has had a history of limited therapeutic use and, more recently, potential for abuse. GHB is a naturally occurring compound present in mammalian CNS and peripheral tissues, and a minor metabolite and precursor of

Pharmacologic profile of a novel potent direct-acting dopamine agonist, (+)-4-propyl-9-hydroxynaphthoxazine [(+)-PHNO].

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The (+)-enantiomer of 1,2,3,4a,5,6-hexahydro-9-hydroxy-4-n-propyl-4H-naphth[1,2-b][ 1,4]-oxazine [(+)-PHNO] is demonstrated to be a potent and direct dopamine (DA) agonist in several in vivo and in vitro test procedures. In vitro (+)-PHNO inhibited binding of [3H]apomorphine (IC50 = 23 nM) or

Potent dopamine agonist activity of a novel ergoline, 6-ethyl-9-oxaergoline (EOE).

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6-Ethyl-9-oxaergoline (EOE) and its enantiomers were compared with apomorphine in a number of tests designed to measure dopamine (DA) agonist activity within the central nervous system. In rats, the tests were: interaction with DA receptors labeled with 3H-apomorphine or 3H-spiroperidol; the effects

Dopamine agonist activity of EMD 23,448.

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EMD 23,448 was examined in tests of dopaminergic function and was found to be an atypical dopamine (DA) agonist. EMD 23,448 was a weak or inactive DA agonist when examined in tests of normal postsynaptic DA receptor function: production of stereotypy in the rat (ED50 greater than 5.0 mg/kg i.p.);

GHB pharmacology and toxicology: acute intoxication, concentrations in blood and urine in forensic cases and treatment of the withdrawal syndrome.

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The illicit recreational drug of abuse, γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a potent central nervous system depressant and is often encountered during forensic investigations of living and deceased persons. The sodium salt of GHB is registered as a therapeutic agent (Xyrem®), approved in some countries for

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