glutaminase/enflamasyon

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Glutaminase Increases in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons after Unilateral Adjuvant-Induced Hind Paw Inflammation.

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Glutamate is a neurotransmitter used at both the peripheral and central terminals of nociceptive primary sensory neurons, yet little is known concerning regulation of glutamate metabolism during peripheral inflammation. Glutaminase (GLS) is an enzyme of the glutamate-glutamine cycle that converts

Glutaminase immunoreactivity and enzyme activity is increased in the rat dorsal root ganglion following peripheral inflammation.

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Following inflammation, primary sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) alter the production of several proteins. Most DRG neurons are glutamatergic, using glutaminase as the enzyme for glutamate production, but little is known about glutaminase following inflammation. In the present

Glutaminase C Regulates Microglial Activation and Pro-inflammatory Exosome Release: Relevance to the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease.

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Microglial activation is a key pathogenic process at the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Identifying regulators of microglial activation bears great potential in elucidating causes and mechanisms of AD and determining candidates for early intervention. Previous studies demonstrate abnormal

Glutaminase 1 Regulates Neuroinflammation After Cerebral Ischemia Through Enhancing Microglial Activation and Pro-Inflammatory Exosome Release.

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Cerebral ischemia induces a robust neuroinflammatory response that is largely mediated by the activation of CNS resident microglia. Activated microglia produce pro-inflammatory molecules to cause neuronal damage. Identifying regulators of microglial activation bears great potential in discovering

Low intestinal glutamine level and low glutaminase activity in Crohn's disease: a rational for glutamine supplementation?

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Intestinal glutamine utilization is integral to mucosal regeneration. We analyzed the systemic and intestinal glutamine status in Crohn's disease (CD) and evaluated the therapeutic effect of glutamine supplementation in an animal model of ileitis. In CD, glutamine concentrations were decreased

Granule localization of glutaminase in human neutrophils and the consequence of glutamine utilization for neutrophil activity.

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The provision of glutamine in vivo has been observed to reduce to normal levels the neutrophilia observed after exhaustive exercise and to decrease the neutrophil chemoattractant, interleukin-8. Thus, the role for glutamine in the regulation of inflammatory mediators of human neutrophil activation

Targeting Hepatic Glutaminase 1 Ameliorates Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis by Restoring Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Triglyceride Assembly.

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Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by the accumulation of hepatic fat in an inflammatory/fibrotic background. Herein, we show that the hepatic high-activity glutaminase 1 isoform (GLS1) is overexpressed in NASH. Importantly, GLS1 inhibition reduces lipid content in choline and/or

Enzymes of glutamine metabolism in inflammation associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy.

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Glutamine synthesis and utilization were studied in the plantaris muscle after removal of its functional synergists, the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles. Rat plantaris muscle was compared with unoperated controls at 7, 14, and 30 days after synergist ablation and induction of hypertrophy. Glutamine

Necrotic neurons enhance microglial neurotoxicity through induction of glutaminase by a MyD88-dependent pathway.

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BACKGROUND Microglia are macrophage-like cells that constantly sense the microenvironment within the central nervous system (CNS). In the event of neuronal stress or injury, microglial cells rapidly react and change their phenotype. This response may lead to a deleterious type of microglial

BPTES inhibits anthrax lethal toxin-induced inflammatory response

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Bacillus anthracis is a lethal agent of anthrax disease and the toxins are required in anthrax pathogenesis. The anthrax lethal toxin can trigger NLRP1b inflammasome activation and pyroptosis. Although the underlying mechanism is well understood, the medications targeting the NLRP1b inflammasome are

γ-[Glu]n-Trp ameliorates anxiety/depression-like behaviors and its anti-inflammatory effect in an animal model of anxiety/depression.

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This study compared the abilities of γ-[Glu]n-Trp (EW) and whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) with a high ratio of Trp : 5 large neutral amino acids (5LNAAs) to reverse chronic restraint stress-corticosterone injection induced anxiety/depression-like behaviors in C57BL/6 male mice. EW was synthesized

Expression and activity of pH-regulatory glutaminase in the human airway epithelium.

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Fluid condensed from the breath of patients with acute asthma is acidic. Several features of asthma pathophysiology can be initiated by exposure of the airway to acid. In renal tubular epithelium, glutaminase produces ammonia to buffer urinary acid excretion. We hypothesized that human airway

Serial deletion reveals structural basis and stability for the core enzyme activity of human glutaminase 1 isoforms: relevance to excitotoxic neurodegeneration.

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BACKGROUND Glutaminase 1 is a phosphate-activated metabolic enzyme that catalyzes the first step of glutaminolysis, which converts glutamine into glutamate. Glutamate is the major neurotransmitter of excitatory synapses, executing important physiological functions in the central nervous system.

Glutamine Antagonist JHU-083 Normalizes Aberrant Hippocampal Glutaminase Activity and Improves Cognition in APOE4 Mice

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Background: Given the emergent aging population, the identification of effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is critical. Objective: We investigated the therapeutic

Cytokines decrease glutaminase expression in human fibroblasts.

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BACKGROUND Glutamine metabolism in fibroblasts is essential for energy production, nucleotide biosynthesis, and growth during wound healing. Because cytokines can impair fibroblast proliferation, we tested the hypothesis that cytokines impair glutamine metabolism. We studied the influence of several

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Herbal & Natural Medicine

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