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Contact hypersensitivity response to isophorone diisocyanate in mice.

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Isophorone diisocyanate was evaluated for its potential as a sensitizing agent for allergic contact hypersensitivity in mice. Female B6C3F1 mice were sensitized with 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0% isophorone diisocyanate and challenged with 3.0% isophorone diisocyanate. Doses of isophorone diisocyanate were

Allergic skin inflammation induced by chemical sensitizers is controlled by the transcription factor Nrf2.

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Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is induced by low-molecular weight electrophilic chemicals and metal ions. Chemical contact sensitizers trigger reactive oxygen species production and provoke electrophilic stress, leading to the accumulation of the transcription factor nuclear-related factor 2

Chemical analysis of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate and isophorone diisocyanate in petrolatum patch-test preparations.

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BACKGROUND Isocyanates with the general formula R-(N=C=O) are theoretically contact sensitizers. However, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from isocyanates is seldom reported. In previous reports, patients reacted to their isocyanate-based work materials but not to commercial patch-test

[Contact dermatitis caused by isophorone diamine].

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Two patients with allergic contact dermatitis to IPD (Isophoronediamine), a hardener present in plastics industries are presented. Its high capacity of sensitization perhaps is not well known because it is not enough tested in our contact clinics.

Total IgE antibody production in BALB/c mice after dermal exposure to chemicals.

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Chemicals that bind to protein may cause immunological responses that include respiratory hypersensitivity mediated by IgE antibodies. The BALB/c mouse model has been used to characterize chemicals that induce an IgE antibody response. This model may be a useful predictive tool for the evaluation

Sampling of respirable isocyanate particles.

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An advanced design of a denuder impactor (DI) sampler has been developed for characterization of possible airborne isocyanate exposure in different particle size fractions. The sampler is equipped with 12 different parallel denuder tubes, 4 impaction stages with the cut-off values (d50) of: 9.5, 4,

Cutaneous sensitization to some polyisocyanate prepolymers in guinea pigs.

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Isocyanates are used extensively in the polyurethane industry. Pulmonary and dermal sensitization resulting from exposure to diisocyanates has frequently been reported, but the potential effects of polyisocyanates on health are less well known. Thus, since 1978, occupational exposure limits have

Characterization of murine immune responses to allergenic diisocyanates.

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Chemicals may cause contact allergy. Some allergens may, in addition, cause respiratory sensitization. In previous investigations we have found that contact and respiratory sensitizers induce differential immune responses in mice characteristic of TH1 and TH2 T helper cell activation, respectively.

Contact sensitization to 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane and to isocyanates among general dermatology patients.

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BACKGROUND Diisocyanates and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (MDA) are industrial sensitizers. Occupational asthma is a risk among workers exposed to diisocyanates. Exposure may also lead to contact sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the

Cytokine mRNA profiles for isocyanates with known and unknown potential to induce respiratory sensitization.

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Isocyanates are low-molecular-weight chemicals implicated in allergic asthmatic-type reactions. Identification of chemicals likely to cause asthma is difficult due to the lack of a validated test method. One hypothesis is that differential cytokine induction (Th1 versus Th2 profiles) in the draining

Testing Penetration of Epoxy Resin and Diamine Hardeners through Protective Glove and Clothing Materials.

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Efficient, comfortable, yet affordable personal protective equipment (PPE) is needed to decrease the high incidence of allergic contact dermatitis arising from epoxy resin systems (ERSs) in industrial countries. The aim of this study was to find affordable, user-friendly glove and clothing materials

Sensitization to reactive diluents and hardeners in epoxy resin systems. IVDK data 2002-2011. Part I: reaction frequencies.

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BACKGROUND Epoxy resin systems (ERSs), consisting of resins, reactive diluents, and hardeners, are indispensable in many branches of industry. In order to develop less sensitizing ERS formulations, knowledge of the sensitizing properties of single components is mandatory. OBJECTIVE To analyse the

Inconsistencies between cytokine profiles, antibody responses, and respiratory hyperresponsiveness following dermal exposure to isocyanates.

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Cytokine profiling of local lymph node responses has been proposed as a simple test to identify chemicals, such as low molecular weight diisocyanates, that pose a significant risk of occupational asthma. Previously, we reported cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) profiles for dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)

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