lipodystrophy/triacylglycerol

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Severely dysregulated disposal of postprandial triacylglycerols exacerbates hypertriacylglycerolemia in HIV lipodystrophy syndrome.

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BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of hypertriacylglycerolemia, a characteristic feature of HIV lipodystrophy syndrome (HLS), is incompletely understood. One mechanism is accelerated lipolysis in the fasted state, but the severity of the hypertriacylglycerolemia suggests that additional underlying

A Single Complex Agpat2 Allele in a Patient With Partial Lipodystrophy.

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Genetic lipodystrophies are a group of rare syndromes associated with major metabolic complications - including severe insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertriglyceridemia - which are classified according to the distribution of adipose tissue. Lipodystrophies can be present at

Lipodystrophy, lipid profile changes, and low serum retinol and carotenoid levels in children and adolescents with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

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OBJECTIVE To assess serum retinol and levels of carotenoids in children and adolescents with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and to correlate low serum retinol and carotenoid levels with the presence of lipodystrophy, lipid profile changes, lipid peroxidation, and insulin

Short-term overfeeding increases resting energy expenditure in patients with HIV lipodystrophy.

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BACKGROUND HIV lipodystrophy and other lipodystrophy syndromes are characterized by extensive loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Lipodystrophy syndromes are also associated with increased resting energy expenditure (REE). This hypermetabolism may be an adaptive response to an inability to store

LMNA-linked lipodystrophies: from altered fat distribution to cellular alterations.

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Mutations in the LMNA gene, encoding the nuclear intermediate filaments the A-type lamins, result in a wide variety of diseases known as laminopathies. Some of them, such as familial partial lipodystrophy of Dunnigan and metabolic laminopathies, are characterized by lipodystrophic syndromes with

Myo-inositol action on gerbil intestine: reversal of a diet-induced lipodystrophy and change in microsomal lipase activity.

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An intestinal lipodystrophy induced by dietary fat in female Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) was reversed to normal by myo-inositol given in the diet or by injection within 1-4 days. An increase in plasma chylomicron and lipid concentrations was observed before the occurrence of rapid

Long-term ritonavir exposure increases fatty acid and glycerol recycling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes as compensatory mechanisms for increased triacylglycerol hydrolysis.

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Lipodystrophy with high nonesterified fatty acid (FA) efflux is reported in humans receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to treat HIV infection. Ritonavir, a common component of HAART, alters adipocyte FA efflux, but the mechanism for this effect is not established. To investigate

Molecular characterization of seipin and its mutants: implications for seipin in triacylglycerol synthesis.

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The human lipodystrophy gene product Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy 2/seipin has been implicated in adipocyte differentiation, lipid droplet (LD) formation, and motor neuron development. However, the molecular function of seipin and its disease-causing mutants remains to be elucidated.

Overexpression of a short human seipin/BSCL2 isoform in mouse adipose tissue results in mild lipodystrophy.

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Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy type 2 (BSCL2) is a recessive disorder characterized by an almost complete loss of adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and fatty liver. BSCL2 is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the BSCL2/seipin gene, which encodes seipin. The essential role for

Diseases of adipose tissue: genetic and acquired lipodystrophies.

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Human lipodystrophies represent a group of diseases characterized by altered body fat amount and/or repartition and major metabolic alterations with insulin resistance leading to diabetic complications and increased cardiovascular and hepatic risk. Genetic forms of lipodystrophies are rare.

Redundant roles of the phosphatidate phosphatase family in triacylglycerol synthesis in human adipocytes.

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In mammals, the evolutionary conserved family of Mg(2+)-dependent phosphatidate phosphatases (PAP1), involved in phospholipid and triacylglycerol synthesis, consists of lipin-1, lipin-2 and lipin-3. While mutations in the murine Lpin1 gene cause lipodystrophy and its knockdown in mouse 3T3-L1 cells

Genetic basis of congenital generalized lipodystrophy.

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Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by extreme lack of body fat and severe insulin resistance since birth. Recently, mutations have been reported in 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate-O-acyltransferase 2 (AGPAT2) and Berardinelli-Seip congenital

A Frame-Shift Mutation in CAV1 Is Associated with a Severe Neonatal Progeroid and Lipodystrophy Syndrome.

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A 3-year-old female patient presenting with an unknown syndrome of a neonatal progeroid appearance, lipodystrophy, pulmonary hypertension, cutis marmorata, feeding disorder and failure to thrive was investigated by whole-genome sequencing. This revealed a de novo, heterozygous, frame-shift mutation

Arabidopsis SEIPIN Proteins Modulate Triacylglycerol Accumulation and Influence Lipid Droplet Proliferation.

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The lipodystrophy protein SEIPIN is important for lipid droplet (LD) biogenesis in human and yeast cells. In contrast with the single SEIPIN genes in humans and yeast, there are three SEIPIN homologs in Arabidopsis thaliana, designated SEIPIN1, SEIPIN2, and SEIPIN3. Essentially nothing is known

Efficacy of leptin therapy in the different forms of human lipodystrophy.

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OBJECTIVE Lipodystrophy is a rare disorder characterised by loss of adipose tissue, hypoleptinaemia, severe insulin resistance, diabetes and dyslipidaemia. The aims of this study were to determine whether leptin replacement in lipodystrophy patients ameliorates their metabolic abnormalities over an

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