suma/arabidopsis

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Stereochemical course in water addition during LUP1-catalyzed triterpene cyclization.

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Arabidopsis thaliana LUP1 (At1g78970) catalyzes the cyclization of oxidosqualene into lupeol and 3beta,20-dihydroxylupane (lupanediol). The stereochemical course of water addition to the lupanyl cation was studied. The X-ray crystal structure of lupanylepoxide 3,5-dinitrobenzoate established the

Stereochemistry of water addition in triterpene synthesis: the structure of arabidiol.

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An oxidosqualene cyclase from Arabidopsis thaliana makes arabidiol, a tricyclic triterpene reported with indeterminate side-chain stereochemistry. We established the full structure of arabidiol through chemical degradation, NOE experiments, and molecular modeling. By examining the mechanistic

A simple method for the addition of rotenone in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves.

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A simple and reproducible method for the treatment of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves with rotenone is presented. Rosette leaves were incubated with rotenone and Triton X-100 for at least 15 h. Treated leaves showed increased expression of COX19 and BCS1a, 2 genes known to be induced in Arabidopsis cell

Two xyloglucan xylosyltransferases catalyze the addition of multiple xylosyl residues to cellohexaose.

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Xyloglucan (XyG) is the principal hemicellulose found in the primary cell walls of most plants. XyG is composed of a beta-(1,4)-glucan backbone that is substituted in a regular pattern with xylosyl residues, which are added by at least one and likely two or three xylosyltransferase (XT) enzymes.

Nontemplated nucleotide addition prior to polyadenylation: a comparison of Arabidopsis cDNA and genomic sequences.

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A comparison of Arabidopsis DNA sequences revealed that the final nucleotides at the 3' end of approximately half of the Arabidopsis mRNAs, immediately upstream of the poly(A) tail, differ from the corresponding genomic sequences. This suggests that extra nucleotides were added to these mRNAs at

Effects of Ca addition on the uptake, translocation, and distribution of Cd in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Cadmium (Cd) pollution poses a risk to human health for its accumulation in soil and crops, but this can be alleviated by calcium (Ca) addition. However, its mechanism remains unclear yet. In this study, Arabidopsis thaliana was used to explore the alleviating effects of Ca on Cd toxicity and its

Arabidopsis GUX proteins are glucuronyltransferases responsible for the addition of glucuronic acid side chains onto xylan.

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Xylan, the second most abundant cell wall polysaccharide, is composed of a linear backbone of β-(1,4)-linked xylosyl residues that are often substituted with sugar side chains, such as glucuronic acid (GlcA) and methylglucuronic acid (MeGlcA). It has recently been shown that mutations of two

Brassinosteroids regulate plasma membrane anion channels in addition to proton pumps during expansion of Arabidopsis thaliana cells.

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Brassinosteroids (BRs) are involved in numerous physiological processes associated with plant development and especially with cell expansion. Here we report that two BRs, 28-homobrassinolide (HBL) and its direct precursor 28-homocastasterone (HCS), promote cell expansion of Arabidopsis thaliana

The first enzyme-promoted addition of nitromethane to imines (aza-Henry reaction).

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Enzyme catalytic promiscuity is the ability of a single enzyme active site to catalyze several chemical transformations, among them those which are different from natural. We have attempted to use this feature of enzymes in the nucleophilic addition of nitromethane to aldimines (the aza-Henry

Fatty acid ketodienes and fatty acid ketotrienes: Michael addition acceptors that accumulate in wounded and diseased Arabidopsis leaves.

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Physical damage and disease are known to lead to changes in the oxylipin signature of plants. We searched for oxylipins produced in response to both wounding and pathogenesis in Arabidopsis leaves. Linoleic acid 9- and 13-ketodienes (KODEs) were found to accumulate in wounded leaves as well as in

Transcription of DWARF4 plays a crucial role in auxin-regulated root elongation in addition to brassinosteroid homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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The expression of DWARF4 (DWF4), which encodes a C-22 hydroxylase, is crucial for brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis and for the feedback control of endogenous BR levels. To advance our knowledge of BRs, we examined the effects of different plant hormones on DWF4 transcription in Arabidopsis

Antioxidant value addition in human diets: genetic transformation of Brassica juncea with gamma-TMT gene for increased alpha-tocopherol content.

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Alpha-tocopherol, the most biologically active form of vitamin E, is implicated in decreasing the risk of several types of cancers, coronary heart disease and a number of degenerative human conditions, when taken in excess of the recommended daily allowance. Natural alpha-tocopherol has twice the

Nitrate addition alleviates ammonium toxicity without lessening ammonium accumulation, organic acid depletion and inorganic cation depletion in Arabidopsis thaliana shoots.

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When ammonium is the sole nitrogen (N) source, plant growth is suppressed compared with the situation where nitrate is the N source. This is commonly referred to as ammonium toxicity. It is widely known that a combination of nitrate and ammonium as N source alleviates this ammonium toxicity

Arabidopsis transcriptome profiling indicates that multiple regulatory pathways are activated during cold acclimation in addition to the CBF cold response pathway.

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Many plants, including Arabidopsis, increase in freezing tolerance in response to low, nonfreezing temperatures, a phenomenon known as cold acclimation. Previous studies established that cold acclimation involves rapid expression of the CBF transcriptional activators (also known as DREB1 proteins)

Limited Addition of the 6-Arm β1,2-linked N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) Residue Facilitates the Formation of the Largest N-Glycan in Plants.

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The most abundant N-glycan in plants is the paucimannosidic N-glycan with core β1,2-xylose and α1,3-fucose residues (Man3XylFuc(GlcNAc)2). Here, we report a mechanism in Arabidopsis thaliana that efficiently produces the largest N-glycan in plants. Genetic and biochemical evidence indicates that the

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