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Pain following urethroplasty with buccal mucosal graft (BMG) harvesting is primarily related to the oral graft harvest site. This pain results in significant increases in narcotic use, patient morbidity, and limits nutritional intake following surgery. During BMG harvesting, lidocaine with
A total of 22 nurses or anesthetists will be recruited Inclusion criteria include healthy subjects Exclusion criteria include (1) pregnant subjects (2) history of back pain or injury
Cricoid pressure applied on manikin will be measured
1. By electronic medical grade weighing scale
2. By sensor
Opioid analgesia is the standard of care for treating moderate to severe pain in the emergency department. It is an effective medication that most practitioners are familiar using. Opioid use is not without risk, however. In managing acute pain, patients may experience hypotension, respiratory