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The flavonoid pigment pathway in plants has been used as a model system for studying gene regulatory mechanisms. C2-Idf is a stable dominant mutation of the chalcone synthase gene, c2, which encodes the first dedicated enzyme in this biosynthetic pathway of maize. Homozygous C2-Idf plants show no
Two chalcone synthase genes in maize have been cloned and molecularly characterized to be the C2 and the Whp (white pollen) locus. The two genes have highly homologous exon sequences but differ considerably in sequences 5' upstream and 3' downstream of the coding region, as well as in their introns.
The DNA sequence of the termini and the flanking regions of the 17-kb transposable element Tam1 was determined. Tam1 is integrated in the chalcone synthase gene of the niv-53 mutant of Antirrhinum majus. The element has a 13-bp perfect inverted repeat at its termini and appears to induce a 3-bp
Maysin is a naturally occurring C-glycosyl flavone found in maize (Zea mays L.) silk tissue that confers resistance to corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea, Boddie). Recently, two new maize populations were derived for high silk maysin. The two populations were named the exotic populations of maize (EPM)
Deschampsiaantarctica inhabits the maritime territory of Antarctica and South Patagonia. It grows under very harsh environmental conditions. The survival of this species in low freezing temperatures and under high levels of UV-B radiation may constitute some of the most remarkable adaptive plant
Members of the chalcone synthase (CHS) family participate in the synthesis of a series of secondary metabolites in plants, fungi and bacteria. The metabolites play important roles in protecting land plants against various environmental stresses during the evolutionary process. Our research was
Lignin is a phenolic heteropolymer that is deposited in secondary-thickened cell walls, where it provides mechanical strength. A recent structural characterization of cell walls from monocot species showed that the flavone tricin is part of the native lignin polymer, where it is hypothesized to
Petunia line Mitchell [MP, Petunia axillaris × (P. axillaris × P. hybrida)] and Eustoma grandiflorum (lisianthus) plants were produced containing a transgene for over-expression of the R2R3-MYB transcription factor [TF; ROSEA1 (ROS1)] that up-regulates flavonoid biosynthesis in Antirrhinum majus.
The viviparous-1 (vp1) mutation in maize (Zea mays L.) conditions a unique pleiotropic phenotype: premature germination of the embryo and failure to synthesize anthocyanin (flavonoid) pigments in the aleurone. By using a B-A translocation, it is possible to analyze the basis for the anthocyaninless
Six phi (F) class glutathione transferases (GSTs) were cloned from bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) treated with the herbicide safener fenchlorazole ethyl and named TaGSTF1-6. Recombinant TaGSTFs were assayed for glutathione conjugating activity towards xenobiotics including herbicides and for
The regulatory anthocyanin loci, an1, an2, an4 and an11 of Petunia hybrida, and r and c1 from Zea mays, control transcription of different sets of target genes. Both an2 and c1 encode a MYB-type protein. This study reports the isolation of a P. hybrida gene, jaf13, encoding a basic helix-loop-helix
Two compounds, the C-glycosyl flavone maysin and the phenylpropanoid product chlorogenic acid (CGA), have been implicated in corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea Boddie) resistance in maize (Zea mays L.). Previous quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses identified the pericarp color (p) locus, which
Mutations in the transparent testa (tt) loci abolish pigment production in Arabidopsis seed coats. The TT4, TT5, and TT3 loci encode chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, respectively, which are essential for anthocyanin accumulation and may form a macromolecular
Plant diversity in experimental systems often enhances ecosystem productivity, but the mechanisms causing this overyielding are only partly understood. Intercropping faba beans (Vicia faba L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) result in overyielding and also, enhanced nodulation by faba beans. By using
Parasitic plants in the Scrophulariaceae develop infective root structures called haustoria in response to chemical signals released from host-plant roots. This study used a simple in vitro assay to characterize natural and synthetic molecules that induce haustoria in the facultative parasite