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The lipid phase of the thylakoid membrane is mainly composed of the galactolipids mono- and digalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG and DGDG, respectively). It has been known since the late 1960s that MGDG can be acylated with a third fatty acid to the galactose head group (acyl-MGDG) in plant leaf
Glycerolipids of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana are enriched particularly with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and also with an appreciable level of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The present study describes the functional characterization of a type 2 diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT2, EC
We previously identified an enzyme, phosphatidylcholine diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase (PDCT), that plays an important role in directing fatty acyl fluxes during triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis. The PDCT mediates a symmetrical interconversion between phosphatidylcholine (PC) and
Diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) are involved in the acylation of sn-1,2-diacylglycerol. Palm kernel oil, extracted from Elaeis guineensis (oil palm) seeds, has a high content of medium-chain fatty acids mainly lauric acid (C12:0). A putative E. guineensis diacylglycerol acyltransferase gene
Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is one of the most characteristic plants of tropical areas. Coconut oil and its derivatives have been widely used in various industries. In this paper, a type 2 diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT2), which is one of the key enzymes involved in triacylglycerol (TAG)
Diacylglycerol pyrophosphate (DGPP) is a novel phospholipid that has been found in plants and yeast but not in higher animals. It is produced through phosphorylation of phosphatidic acid (PA) by the novel enzyme PA kinase (PAK). In plants, DGPP is virtually absent in non-stimulated cells but its
Cytidine diphosphate (CDP)-diacylglycerol synthase (cytidine triphosphate:phosphatidate cytihyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.41) catalyzes the formation of CDP-diacylglycerol, which is the precursor of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipin. We report the first cloning, to our
In plants, the importance of phospholipid signaling in responses to environmental stresses is becoming well documented. The involvement of phospholipids in abscisic acid (ABA) responses is also established. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the stimulation of phospholipase D (PLD) activity
Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyses the acylation of the sn-3 hydroxy group of sn-1,2-diacylglycerol using acyl-CoA. The gene encoding DGAT from Arabidopsis thaliana has been cloned and the function of the enzyme proved by expression of the coding sequence using a bacculovirus expression
Diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs) catalyze the final and only committed step of triacylglycerol synthesis. DGAT activity is rate limiting for triacylglycerol accumulation in mammals, plants and microbes. DGATs belong to three different evolutionary classes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, DGAT1,
A key step in the triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthetic pathway is the final acylation of diacylglycerol (DAG) by DAG acyltransferase. In silico analysis has revealed that the DCR (defective in cuticular ridges) (At5g23940) gene has a typical HX(4)D acyltransferase motif at the N-terminal end and a
Diacylglycerol pyrophosphate (DGPP) was recently shown to be a possible intermediate in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. In this study, reverse transcription-PCR of ABA up-regulated genes was used to evaluate the ability of DGPP to trigger gene expression in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Despite the fact that a large number of miRNA sequences have been determined in diverse plant species, reports demonstrating the functional roles of miRNAs in the plant response to pathogens are severely limited. Here, Arabidopsis thaliana miRNA844 (miR844) was investigated for its functional role
Enhancement of acyl-CoA-dependent triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis in vegetative tissues is widely discussed as a potential avenue to increase the energy density of crops. Here, we report the identification and characterization of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii diacylglycerol acyltransferase type two
Wax esters are neutral lipids composed of aliphatic alcohols and acids, with both moieties usually long-chain (C(16) and C(18)) or very-long-chain (C(20) and longer) carbon structures. They have diverse biological functions in bacteria, insects, mammals, and terrestrial plants and are also important