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A significant inactivation of red blood cell glutathione peroxidase (25% less than the physiological value) was observed after exposure of intact erythrocytes to 2 mM divicine (an autoxidizable aminophenol from Vicia faba seeds) and 2 mM ascorbate for 3 h at 37 degrees C. Addition of catalase and
The effects of divicine (DV), one of its degradation products ("blue DV"), and H2O2 on normal and pre-treated rat erythrocyte (RBC) reduced glutathione (GSH) content, spontaneous hemolysis at different tonicity levels, optical absorption spectrum of the hemolysate, as well as on their morphology
Favism is an acute hemolysis occurring in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient (Mediterranean variant) individuals after intake of fava beans. Divicine (D), 2,6-diamino-4,5-dihydroxypyrimidine, is present in high amounts in the beans, and is suspected to play a role in hemolysis. Its
Red cells of G6PD (D-glucose-6-phosphate:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase; G6PD) deficient (Mediterranean variant) subjects were studied during a fava bean haemolytic crisis. Two representative cases are described. In Case 1, haemolysis was still going on. In more than 50% of the red cells the Hb was confined
The redox state of red blood cell components was found to have profound effects on the specific inactivation of erythrocyte glutathione (GSH) peroxidase by divicine, a hydroquinone imine molecule of fava beans likely to be responsible, through redox cycling, of the oxidative damage of red blood
Intravenous injection of divicine into mice infected with Plasmodium vinckei rapidly killed the parasites and caused haemolysis. Degenerating parasites were observed frequently inside intact circulating erythrocytes, implying that parasite death was not a passive consequence of haemolysis. Both
Mouse erythrocytes were incubated with oxidizing agents, phenylhydrazine, divicine and isouramil. With all the oxidants a rapid release of iron in a desferrioxamine (DFO)-chelatable form was seen and it was accompanied by methaemoglobin formation. If the erythrocytes were depleted of GSH by a short
In spite of its positive repercussions on nutrition and environment, faba bean still remains an underutilized crop due to the presence of some undesired compounds. The pyrimidine glycosides vicine and convicine are precursors of the aglycones divicine and isouramil, the main factors of favism, a
Red blood cells of favism patients with acute hemolytic crisis have markedly more superoxide dismutase (superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) and less glutathione peroxidase (glutathione:hydrogenperoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.9) than either normal controls, glucose-6-phosphate
Erythrocytes prepared from riboflavin- and tocopherol-deficient (RT-) and from control rats were used to investigate the mechanism of oxidative hemolysis by the factors of favism. RT- erythrocytes have a defense system against the oxidative stress which is blocked either where regeneration of GSH
In the present study we have assayed the effect of divicine in G6PD-deficient red blood cells in the presence of deferoxamine (iron-chelating drug) and NaN3 (inhibitor of catalase). The effect of divicine has been compared to oxidative stress by H2O2; haemolysis is regarded as an index of cellular
The biochemical events that take place during acute hemolysis of G6PD-deficient subjects in favism are far from being elucidated. Evidence is here reported for a constantly and heavily disordered calcium homeostasis in the erythrocytes from seven favic patients. The abnormality, ie, a significantly
Haemolytic crises occurring in G6PD-deficient individuals after ingestion of fava beans (favism) are much less frequent than in the past. However, favism is a unique natural model of oxidant damage in vivo, useful for the study of senescent or damaged red blood cells (RBC) clearance from
The endemic occurrence of favism in certain Mediterranean regions provided an investigative opportunity for testing in vivo the validity of claims as to the role of catalase in protecting human erythrocytes against peroxidative injury. Reduced activity of catalase was found in the erythrocytes of
BACKGROUND
Faba bean (Vicia faba) vicine and convicine (V-C) aglycones (divicine and isouramil respectively) provoke an acute hemolytic anemia called favism in individuals with a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme defect in their red blood cells. Geneticists/plant breeders are working