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Maltose is the major form of carbon exported from the chloroplast at night as a result of transitory starch breakdown. Maltose exists as an alpha- or beta-anomer. We developed an enzymatic technique for distinguishing between the two anomers of maltose and tested the accuracy and specificity of this
The MEX1 locus of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was identified in a genetic screen as a factor that affects starch metabolism. Mutation of MEX1 causes a slow-down in the mobilization of storage polysaccharide. Cosegregation and functional complementation analyses were used to assess the involvement of
2-Deoxy-2-fluoro-d-glucose, 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-D-glucose and 6-deoxy-6-fluoro-D-glucose were converted into the corresponding maltose derivatives using Arabidopsis thaliana DPE2-mediated trans-glycosylation reaction with glycogen acting as a glucosyl donor. (19)F NMR spectroscopy proved to be a
Three genes, BE1, BE2, and BE3, which potentially encode isoforms of starch branching enzymes, have been found in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. Although no impact on starch structure was observed in null be1 mutants, modifications in amylopectin structure analogous to those of other branching
Maltose is the predominant form of carbon exported from the chloroplast at night. Plants that lack either the chloroplast maltose transporter or disproportionating enzyme 2 (DPE2, EC 2.4.1.25) have excess maltose in leaves. We confirmed that DPE2 is not associated with the chloroplast in Arabidopsis
Transitory starch is formed in chloroplasts during the day and broken down at night. We investigated carbon export from chloroplasts resulting from transitory-starch breakdown. Starch-filled chloroplasts from spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Nordic IV) were isolated 1 h after the beginning of the
Transitory starch is stored during the day inside chloroplasts and broken down at night for export. Maltose is the primary form of carbon export from chloroplasts at night. We investigated the influence of daylength and circadian rhythms on starch degradation and maltose metabolism. Starch breakdown
Transitory starch is stored during the day inside chloroplasts and then broken down at night for export. Recent data indicate that maltose is the major form of carbon exported from the chloroplast at night but its fate in the cytosol is unknown. An amylomaltase gene ( malQ) cloned from Escherichia
Transitory starch of leaves is broken down hydrolytically, making maltose the predominant form of carbon exported from chloroplasts at night. Maltose metabolism in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli requires amylomaltase (MalQ) and maltodextrin phosphorylase (MalP). Possible orthologs of MalQ and
Maltose frequently occurs as intermediate of the central carbon metabolism of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Various mutants possess elevated maltose levels. Maltose exists as two anomers, (α- and β-form) which are rapidly interconverted without requiring enzyme-mediated catalysis. As maltose is
Prior to the cytosolic synthesis of transport sugars during transitory starch utilization, intermediate products of starch breakdown, such as maltose, must be exported from chloroplasts. Recent work in Arabidopsis indicates that a novel transporter mediates maltose transfer across the chloroplast
BACKGROUND
Arabidopsis plants accumulate maltose from starch breakdown during cold acclimation. The Arabidopsis mutant, maltose excess1-1, accumulates large amounts of maltose in the plastid even in the warm, due to a deficient plastid envelope maltose transporter. We therefore investigated whether
It has been suggested that beta-amylase (BMY) induction during temperature stress in Arabidopsis could lead to starch-dependent maltose accumulation, and that maltose may contribute to protection of the electron transport chain and proteins in the chloroplast stroma during acute stress. A
Malectin is a maltose-binding endoplasmic reticulum protein conserved in animals. In Arabidopsis thaliana, we identified four genes that encode malectin-like domain (MLD)- and leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing proteins (AtMLLRs): two were receptor-like proteins (AtMLLR1 and 2) and the
Arabidopsis WAVE-DAMPENED 2 (WVD2) was identified by forward genetics as an activation-tagged allele that causes plant and organ stockiness and inversion of helical root growth handedness on agar surfaces. Plants with high constitutive expression of WVD2 or other members of the WVD2-LIKE (WDL) gene