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Proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR(2)), a 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor, contributes to inflammation either positively or negatively in different experimental systems. Previously, we reported that concurrent activation of PAR(2) and TLRs in human lung and colonic epithelial cells
OBJECTIVE
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) detected by indirect immunofluorescence have been found in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Nevertheless, specific antibodies against proteinase-3 (PR3) are rare in this context.
METHODS
Sera from 30 consecutive pediatric
Functions of thrombin as a modulator of inflammation and tissue repair are mediated by the proteinase-activated receptor (PAR) family. Some of these effects may be induced by activation of mast cells. To characterize the degranulation of rat peritoneal mast cells in response to PAR agonists, the
Among the anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic Abs (ANCA), those targeting proteinase 3 (PR3) have a high sensitivity and specificity for Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). A pathogenetic role for these autoantibodies has been proposed due to their capacity of activating neutrophils in vitro. Recently, PR3 was
Alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (A1PI) was examined in various inflammatory conditions in terms of its capacity to inhibit leukocytic proteases and to act as a monitor of the presence of oxidants generated by stimulated leukocytes. Examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with
1. alpha 1-Proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-antitrypsin) was excreted in the faeces of patients with inflammatory bowel disease in different molecular forms: Mr-51,000 and Mr-45,000 forms were widely found in the stools of patients with active disease, whereas a Mr-38,000 species was frequently
Protease-activated receptors (PARs) compose a family of G protein-coupled receptors activated by proteolysis with exposure of their tethered ligand. Recently, we reported that a neutrophil-derived serine proteinase, proteinase 3 (PR3), activated human oral epithelial cells through PAR-2. The present
Of all the body systems, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the most exposed to proteinases. Proteolytic activity must thus be tightly regulated in the face of diverse environmental challenges, because unrestrained or excessive proteolysis leads to pathological GI conditions. The protease-activated
1 We evaluated a potential role for proteinase-activated receptor 4 (PAR(4)) in a rodent paw inflammation model, with a focus on two main features of inflammation: (1) oedema and (2) granulocyte recruitment. 2 A PAR(4) antagonist (Pepducin P4pal-10; palmitoyl-SGRRYGHALR-NH(2)) reduced both the
Plasma extravasation is a common endothelium response to tissue injury provoked by pathogens. Herein I will review studies showing that host proteinase inhibitors (e.g., alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha2M) or kininogens) interact with protozoan cysteine proteinases (CPs) in extravascular infection sites,
Bikunin (BK) is a Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitor responsible for most of the antitryptic activity of urine and so is known as the urinary trypsin inhibitor. As its excretion increases in inflammatory conditions, it is often considered to be a positive acute phase protein (APP). However, the gene
Two species of cysteine-proteinase inhibitors (CPIs) have been purified to homogeneity from exudate in the carrageenin-induced inflammation in rats. The exudate CPIs were separated into two forms (named CPI-1 and -2) in affinity chromatography on S-carboxymethyl-papain-Sepharose, the final stage of
The contribution of the kininogens and cystatin C to the functional inhibitory capacity for cysteine proteinases of blood plasma and inflammatory secretions was estimated from ex vivo experiments. 98.5% of the inhibitory capacity of blood plasma for cathepsin L (4-5 microM) is provided by the
Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, or pulmonary alveolar macrophages, stimulated in vitro by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), released reactive oxygen species able to suppress the elastase inhibitory capacity (EIC) of human serum. Immunoelectrophoresis using antibodies against
The reactivity and specificity of commonly used anti-inflammatory agents with lysosomal cysteine proteinases cathepsins B and H purified from rat spleen have been investigated. Of the different agents tested, flufenamic acid and indomethacin were known to be potent inhibitors of cathepsin B. A